路面激励下大客车平顺性虚拟仿真技术与评价体系研究

分类号:U46710710-2009122007硕士学位论文路面激励下大客车平顺性虚拟仿真技术与评价体系研究陈俊杰导师姓名职称张维峰副教授申请学位级别工学硕士学科专业名称车辆工程论文提交日期2012年5月7日论文答辩日期2012年6月7日学位授予单位长安大学Thestudyofvirtualsimulationtechnologyandevaluationsystermofbus’smoothunderpavementexcitationADissertationSubmittedfortheDegreeofMasterCandidate：ChenJunjieSupervisor：Prof.ZhangWeifengChang’anUniversity,Xi’an,Chinaiii摘要随着我国公路客运的快速发展，目前有关改善客车行驶平顺性的研究越来越得到重视。以客车平顺性仿真和舒适性评价为研究内容，开发出客车平顺性仿真与评价软件对于客车平顺性研究具有重要的现实意义。本文首先根据白噪声法和达朗贝尔原理，建立了B级路面模型和大客车五自由度几何模型，推导了整车振动微分方程理论解。其次，根据国标GB/T4970-2009，利用Matlab/GUI平台编制了可以计算国标要求的所有评价指标的汽车平顺性评价软件。在此基础上，编制了大客车平顺性仿真软件，实现了五个自由度的加速度响应、自功率谱以及后桥上方座椅位置处的加权加速度均方根值及等效均值的计算。再次，针对上述大客车做了50km/h和70km/h车速下的平顺性道路试验。通过对比仿真和试验结果，验证了仿真模型的正确性。最后，利用大客车仿真模型，从理论上分析了大客车座椅参数对舒适性的影响，通过改变座椅参数来分析对大客车平顺性的影响，为大客车平顺性的技术改进提供参考依据。本文研究的意义在于大客车设计时，可以通过仿真技术和舒适性评价技术直接预估新车型的舒适性效果，并且可以通过仿真参数修改，优化汽车平顺性性能。关键词：平顺性，Matlab/GUI，仿真，舒适性评价，等效均值iiiAbstractWiththehighwaypassengerstransportationdevelopmentfastly,thepeoplepaymoreattentiononthevehiclerunningsmoothness.Atpresent,alotofresearchaboutthesmoothsimulationhavebeentakenseriouslyindomestic.Therefore，itisveryimportanttoimprovevehiclerunningsmoothnessbywriteasmoothanalysisandevaluationsoftwarewhichcanimprovingthebus’smooth.Inthispaper,themodelofpavementandthefivedegreeoffreedomsdynamicmodelofabuswasestablishedonthebasisofwhitenoisemethodandthed’alembert’sprincipleandthetheoreticalresultsarededucedinthissection.Secondly,thesoomthevaluationsoftwarewaswritedbymeansofMatlab/GUIonthebasisofGB/T4970-2009.Alltheevaluationindexcanbecalculatedbythesoftware.Thirdly,wewritethebussmoothsimulationsoftwarewhichcandisplaytheaccelerationresponsecurveandspectraldensitycurveandcalculatedirectlytheweightedaccelerationroot-mean-squarevalueandequivalentaverageabovetheseatinthepositionofrearaxle.Forthly，thebushasbeenmadearoadtestinginthespeedof50km/hand70km/h.Themodelofsimulationiscorrectbycontrastoftheresultofsimulationandexperiment.Atlast,analysttheeffectthatseatparameterstothebus’ssmoothinthetheoryandstudytheeffectonthebussmoothwhenchangingtheseatparameters.Thispaperaimsatestimatingandoptimizingtheeffectofbussmoothbythetechnologyofbussmoothsimulationandbussmoothevaluationsystembeforthebushasbeendesigned.Keywords:Ridecomfort;Matlab/GUI;Simulation；Comfortevaluation;Equivalentaverageiv目录第一章绪论...............................................................................................................11.1汽车平顺性研究背景...................................................................................11.1.1汽车平顺性研究内容及意义............................................................11.1.2汽车平顺性研究现状........................................................................41.2本文研究的主要内容和意义.......................................................................61.3本章小结.......................................................................................................7第二章汽车平顺性研究基础...................................................................................82.1平顺性试验标准简介...................................................................................92.1.1ISO2631国际标准简介....................................................................92.1.2GB/T4970-2009《汽车平顺性试验方法》标准简介..................132.2车辆动力学模型建立.................................................................................142.2.1五自由度几何模型建立..................................................................162.2.2状态空间方程..................................................................................182.2.3路面不平度的功率谱......................................................................212.2.4路面对双轴汽车的输入功率谱密度..............................................242.3整车振动微分方程求解.............................................................................262.4本章小结.....................................................................................................27第三章大客车平顺性仿真研究及数据处理技术.................................................283.1MatLab软件简介.......................................................................................283.2路面激励谱仿真研究.................................................................................283.2.1路面谱Simulink仿真.....................................................................283.2.2基于国标GB7031-1986仿真谱验证............................................313.3大客车动力学仿真.....................................................................................313.4平顺性评价数据处理技术.........................................................................343.4.1脉冲评价数据处理技术..................................................................343.4.2客车评价数据处理技术..................................................................35v3.5本章小节....................................................................................................38第四章大客车平顺性分析软件开发.....................................................................394.1MatLab-GUI基础......................................................................................394.1.1MatLab-GUI简介...........................................................................394.1.2句柄图形对象..............