非谓语动词与从句的转换

高考写作一非谓语动词与从句的转换知识讲解知识点1：不定式（短语）与从句的关系1.【考查点】：不定式（短语）在句中作主语，其功能相当于一个主语从句，因此二者之间可以转换。(1).Tobeabletohelpyouisreallyanhonor.(=ThatI’mabletohelpyou)(2).Heseemedtoknowtheway.(=Itseemedthatheknewtheway.)(3).BushissaidtohavedecidedtoattackNorthKorea.(=ItissaidthatBushhasdecidedtoattackNorthKorea.)2.【考查点】：不定式（短语）在句中作宾语或宾补，相当于一个宾语从句(1).Westilldon’tknowwhenandwheretobuildaschool.(宾语)(=whenandwhereweshouldbuildaschool)(2).Iadvisedhimtogoandseethedoctor.(宾补)(=thatheshouldgoandsee)(3).Hethoughtitagreatpitynottohaveinvitedher..(宾语)(=Thathehadn’tinvitedher.)3.【考查点】：不定式（短语）在句中作表语.，相当于一个表语从句(1).Mysuggestionisforthemtoleaveassoonaspossible.(=thattheyshouldleave)(2).Mychiefpurposehasbeenforthemtogetagoodunderstanding.(=thattheycangetagoodunderstanding)4.【考查点】：不定式（短语）在句中作定语.，相当于一个定语从句(1).ThequestionwillbediscussedattheconferenceshortlytoopeninBeijing.(=thatisshortlytoopeninBeijing)(2).Alldead,Iwastheonlyonetogrowup.(=thatgrewup)5.【考查点】：不定式（短语）在句中作目的．结果状语.，相当于一个目的．结果状语从句(1).Hecametotheareainorder/soastostudythefolkmusicthere.(=inorder/sothat)(2).Theladywassoexcitedasnottosayaword.(=soexcitedthatshecouldn’t…)6.【考查点】：不定式（短语）在句中作原因状语.，相当于一个原因状语从句(1).Itrembledtothinkofbeingpunishedbytheboss.(=becauseIthoughofbeingpunishedbytheboss)(2).Weweredisappointedtohavelostthegame.(=thatwehavelostthegame)知识点2：动名词（短语）与从句的关系1.【考查点】：动名词（短语）在句中作主语，相当于一个主语从句(1).Yourgoingaway(=Thatyouwentaway)madetheprofessorangry.(2).Mary’snotbeingmademonitor(=ThatMarywasnotmademonitor)madeussad.被动的动名词在句中作主语时一般不能省(3).Beingcalledafool(=Thathewascalledafool)hurtBobbadly.2.【考查点】：动名词（短语）再句中作宾语或宾补语，相当于一个宾语从句(1).IrememberbeingtakentoBeijing(=thatIwastakentoBeijing)whenIwasfive.(2).HeadmittedhavingmarriedMarytoasoldier(=thathehadmarriedMarytoasoldier).3.【考查点】：动名词（短语）在句中作表语.，相当于一个表语从句(1).Mydutyisservingthepeopleheartandsoul.=(thatI’llservethepeopleheartandsoul).(2).Theproblemishisnothavingpreparedhislessonsfortheexam.=（thathehasn’tpreparedhislessonsfortheexam）.(3).ThedifficultyisMary’sbeingcaughtbetweenthetwotrees.=（thatMaryiscaughtbetweenthetwotrees）.4.【考查点】：介词＋动名词（短语），相当于一个从句(1).Hewasafraidofbeingscoldedbyhismistake.(=thathewas…)(2).Hewasastonishedatherknowingyou.(=thatsheknewyou)(3).Weheardthenewsofourteamhavingwon.(=thatourteamhadwon)知识点3：分词（短语）与从句的关系1.【考查点】：分词（短语）作定语，相当于一个定语从句(1).Thehospitalwasanoldbuildingbuiltin1931(=thatwasbuiltin1931).(2).Doyouknowthegirlstandingoverthere(=whoisstandingoverthere)?(3).Themanspeakingtoustheotherday(=whospoketoustheotherday)hasgonetoJapan.2.【考查点】：分词独立结构，相当于一个状语从句，其中伴随状语多与并列句转换(1).Weatherpermitting,we’llhavethematchtomorrow.(=Ifweatherpermits)(2).Thedarkcloudshavingdisappeared,thesunshoneagain.(=Whenthedarkcloudshaddisappeared)(3).Themonitorbeingillwe’dbetterputthemetingoff.(=Asthemonitorwasill)(4).Otherthingsbeingequal(=Ifotherthingsareequal),I’dbuytheblackdress.(5).Givenmoretime(=Ifweweregivenmoretime),wecouldhavedoneitbetter.(6).Hecameback,hishandstiedtohisback(=hishandsweretiedtohisback).3.【考查点】：分词短语，相当于一个状语从句(1).Onarriving(=AssoonasIarrive)there,I’lltelephoneyou.（时间）(2).(While)waiting(=WhileIwaswaiting)forthebus,Icaughtsightofher．（时间）(3).Educated(=Ashewaseducated)bytheparty,hebecameagreatfighter.（原因）(4).Nothavingreceived(=BecauseIhadn’treceivedananswer,Iwrotetohimagain.（原因）(5).(If)given(=Ifwehadbeengiven)enoughtime,ecouldhavedoneitbetter.（条件）(6).(Though)havingmade(=Thoughhehadmade)greatachievements,hedidn’tpride.(让步)4.【考查点】：分词短语作状语，可表伴随，结果，相当于and的并列句，也可和with转换(1).Hedied,leavinghisdaughtermuchmoney.(=andleft)(2).Theteacherenteredthelab,followedbyourstudents.(=andhewasfollowedbyourstudents=withusfollowinghim=andwefollowedhim)5.【考查点】：分词短语在句中作宾语或宾语补足语，相当于一个宾语从句(1).Hefoundthewindowsbroken.(=Hefoundthatthewindowswerebroken.)(2).Ifeltmyheartbeatingfastatthenewsofbombexplosion.(=Ifeltthatmyheartwasbestingfastatthenewsofbombexplosion)知识点4：特殊转换1.【考查点】：动名词复合结构相当于从句(1).Sophia’shavingseenthem(=ThatSophiahadseenthem)didn’tsurprisedus.(2).Ican’tbearhis(him)stayingupsolate(=thathestaysupsolate).(3).Weencouragestudents’livingintheschool(=thatstudentsliveintheschool).(4).Whatwasdisappointingwasournotbeingabletogoforapicnic(thatwewerenotabletogoforapicnic).2.【考查点】：there+being+其他成分(1).Therebeingnothingtodo,weplayedgames.(=Becausetherewasnothingtodo)(原因)(2).Theyclosedthestore,therebeingnocustomers.(=Becausetherwasnocustomers)(原因)四、例题精析【例题1】Everyoneinourclasswasworkinghardanddoingwhatwecould_______agoodcollege.A.enterB.toenterC.enteringD.entered【答案】B【解析】容易误选A。有的同学一看到空格前的情态动词could就断定此处应填动词原形enter。其实正确答案应是B。此句为省略句，即在could后省略了动词do，若把句子补完整应为Everyoneinourclasswasworkinghardanddoingwhatwecoulddotoenteragoodcollege。即句中的不定式短语(toenteragoodcollege)是用作目的状语的，而不是与情态动词(could)一起构成谓语。【例题2】Heknowsnothingaboutit,sohecan'thelp_______anyofyourwork.A.doingB.todoC.beingdoingD.tobedone【答案】B【解析】容易误选A，根据can'thelpdoingsth这一结构推出。其实答案应选B。比较以下结构：can'thelptodosth=不能帮助做某事can'thelpdoingsth=禁不住做某事，情不自禁地做某事【例题3】Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,______itmoredifficult.A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake【答案】B【解析】容易误选C，受题干中的逗号的影响，认为是现在分词表结果的用法。其实答案应选B，句中的逗号相当于连词and或but