中国生物降解塑料开发历史_现状和发展趋势

1,1,2(1.,100037;2.,100083):30,///,:;;/;/;:TQ317:A:1001O9278(2005)03O0001O06TheDevelopingHistory,CurrentStatusandTrendofBiodegradablePlasticsinChinaYANGHui2di1,WENGYun2xuan1,HUHan2jie2(1.DepartmentofMaterialsSienceandEngineering,BeijingTechnologyandBussinessUniversity,Beijing100037,China;2.NationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina,Beijing100083,China)Abstract:Thepast30yearswitnessedthedevelopingofbiodegradableplasticsandmarketsinChina.Thecurrentresearchanddevelopmentofbiodegradableplastics,includingnaturalpolymerssuchasthethermoplasticstarch,poly(hydroxybutyrate2co2hydroxyvalerate)producedviamicroorganismfermenta2tion,polylacticacidsynthesizedfromlacticacidleavenedwithmolasses,etc,aliphaticpolyestersuchascarbondioxide2epoxidecopolymer,andaliphatic/aromaticcopolyesterswerereviewedindetail.TheprogressinthestandardizationofbiodegradableplasticswasintroducedbrieflyandthefuturetrendoftheirdevelopmentinChinawasalsopreviewed.Keywords:biodegradableplastics;thermoplasticstarch;poly(hydroxybutyrate2co2hydroxyvalerate);carbondioxide2epoxidecopolymer;polylacticacid30,,,,,2003100kt/a,,,:2004O12O1412060,,1979,,,,,,,1985,2400,68kt,,,,193Vol.19,No.320053CHINAPLASTICSMar.,2005,,,:208090,,,3:,,,,;,,,,,/;,,,,,102090,/,21,50,,100kt/a,,,:(,);:,,:209021,,,,,,,,,,,,,2080,,,/,,,,(PHB)2090,,(PHBV),/,,()(,),,,,,,,2,:,,,,,,:,20;1996199712,1993629,20026,28090,,,,,2.11/()2.2QB/T246119991Tab.1ConsumptionoffullybiodegradableplasticsinChinainrecentyears19992000200120022003/t20000180001500015000140002Tab.2TypesoffullybiodegradableplasticsinChina/%55405://GB/T18006.11999GB/T18006.21999HJBZ0122000HBC012001,,,,20013(BMG),,ISO14851:1999DeterminationoftheultimateaerobicbiodegradabilityofplasticmaterialsinanaqueousmediummethodbymeasuringtheoxygendemandinaclosedrespirometerISO14852:1999Determinationoftheultimateaerobicbiodegradabilityofplasticmaterialsinanaqueousmedi2ummethodbyanalysisofevolvedcarbondioxideISO14855:1999Determinationoftheultimateaerobicbiodegradabilityanddisintegrationofplasticmaterialsundercontrolledcompostingconditionsmethodbyanalysisofevolvedcarbondioxide,:GB/T19276.12003GB/T19276.22003GB/T192772003;ISO846:1997GB/T192752003,:GB/T(IDTISO16929:2002),QB/T,QB/T,QB/T200533;:GB/T,GB/TCO2,,2.3,2.3.1,,,,,:(1);(2);(3)PVA,2090,(),,,,10kt/a,,,,,863,,,,(pullulan),,,,2.3.2(PLA),,,,,,,,CargillDow,5000t[2],,,80,,,,90,,,(PHBV)PHBV,PHBV,,,PHBV2.3.3,4,,,(PCL)(),2.3.3.1,,1985,20,,(PBM),,,(//),,50%,,,(//),,,,(Chung-Sung2Tan)PPC,3kt/,;,/,,(PBS),,,250000,,2.3.3.2/,,,,,,,,,/(CPEs),2080,90,,21,//,,,,,,,/:(PET)(PBT)(PPT)(PEIP)(DMT);(EG)(PDO)1,4-(BDO)(CHDM)(Succinicacid)(Adipicacid)(Sebacicacid)(Fumaricacid),(GA)L-(LA)(PEG)(PTMG)PGAPLAPCL/3:PETPEGPGAPLAPCL;DMT,,,;(),/,3,,/,,,,,,,,/,20053520kt,,,,90,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,4,,,,,,:[1],,,.[C]...2004.10:78.2005(),,,:()(VB),,,27,32;262005:582022121211131111122121121221,,:11:010-6898554268985535:010-68983957::[e-mail]6