现在完成时教案

1现在完成时教案一、引入：-DidyouvisitBeijingbefore?-Yes,Idid.-No,Ididn’t.HaveyouevervisitedBeijing?Yes,I________.No,I________.HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?Yes,I________.No,I________.二、定义:现在完成时表示到现在为止已经完成或仍在持续的动作、状态；强调对现在的影响或联系。三、结构:have/has+p.p.(动词过去分词)接触一：肯定句式现在完成时的肯定句式是“have（has）＋过去分词”。如：①Wehavejustfinishedourhomework．②Shehasgonehome．注意：1）该句式中的have或has是助动词，has用于第三人称单数，其它人称一律用have。2）该句式中have（has）和过去分词之间可用just插入。3）把该句式译成汉语时，往往用“已经”、“刚刚”、“过”或“了”等。接触二：否定句式：现在完成时的否定句式是“haven't（hasn't）＋过去分词”。如：⑥Wehaven‘tstudiedUnit2yet．⑦Thetrainhasn'tstoppedyet．接触三：疑问句式现在完成时的一般疑问句式是把助动词have或has提到主语之前。③Haveyoureadthisstorybookyet？特殊疑问句及反意疑问句结构如下：④Whathaveyoudonewithmybike?⑤You'vereadthisstorybook,haven'tyou?注意：1）现在完成时的一般疑问句往往在句末加yet。2）把现在完成时的一般疑问句译成汉语时，往往译成“……过吗？”、“已经……了吗？”等。23）其肯定回答用“Yes，．．．have（has）．”，否定回答用“No，．haven't（hasn't）．”，有时用“No，notyet．”或“No，never．”。四、过去分词（规则＋ed）1）Worked，visited，asked，played，stayed2）likedlivedmoved3）stoppeddroppedrobbedplanned，preferred4）carried，worried，tried，cried五、现在完成时常与一些词、词组连用:1、ever（曾）、never（未曾）、already（已经）、yet（仍、还）、just（刚刚）、before（以前)2、for+一段时间:fortwodays有两天了3.inthepast/last＋一段时间:inthepasttenyears在刚过去的十年里4.since+过去某一个时间:since1991:自从1991年到现在一段时间+agosince14yearsago:自从14年前到现在一般过去时句子:sinceIwasborn:自从我出生到现在already,yet,ever,never,just的用法Already肯定句，强调已经的意,放句中或句末.Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework.=Ihavefinishedmyhomeworkalready.yet否定句、问句，表示还没，没有的意思,放句末Hehasn’tfinishedhishomeworkyet.Hashefinishedhishomeworkyet?ever问句，表示曾经的意思HasJohneverbeentoZhuhai?never含否定意思的肯定句，表示从没的意思HehasneverbeentoChina.just肯定句，表示刚刚的意思IhavejustcomebackfromChina.练习：用already,yet,ever,never,just填空1.Haveyouseenthefilm()?2.Haveyoudoneyourhomework()?-Not(),Iwilldoitaftersupper.3.Haveyou()beentoEngland?-no,().34.Ihave()finishedreadingthebook.5.Ihave()paidforthecar.for,since及howlongFor+时间段：表示某个动作持续了多长时间JoeyhasbeeninNewYorkfor10years.Since+时间点（具体时间/…ago/某个动作发生的时间）：表示某个动作是从什么时候开始的，间接地表示这个动作持续的时间JoeyhasbeeninNewYorksince1996.JoeyhasbeeninNewYorksincetenyearsago.JoeyhasbeeninNewYorksincehefirstarrived.两者都可以回答由Howlong引导的问题。HowlonghasJoeybeeninNewYork?练习：用for,since及howlong填空1.Thewindhasblown()2hours.2.Thedoghasstayedthere()itateitsdinner.3.()hastheoldmanlaininbed?4.Theteacherhasthoughtabouttheproblem()yesterday.5.Thehorsehasrun()quitealongtime.6.Theduckshaveswum()thirtyminutes.7.Thepoorchildhasworntheoldclothes()7yearsold.六、havebeento,havegonetoHave(has)beento表示曾经到过某地（通常现在已经回来了）MymotherhasbeentoLondontwice.妈妈去过两次伦敦。（妈妈现在已经回来了，在家）Have(has)goneto表示已经去了某地（通常不在说话的地方）4MymotherhasgonetoLondon.妈妈去了伦敦。（妈妈现在就在伦敦，不在家）练习：1.Jennyiswell-traveled.Shehas______________toGermanytwice.2.Janeisn’tinnow.Shehas______________totheoffice.CanItakeamessage?3.Myfatherisasuccessfulbusinessman.He’s______________tomanycountries.4.It’sadangerousplace.Nobodyhasever______________there.5.Themanagerhas______________toBeijing.Hewillbebacktomorrow.6.Thetigerofthezooismissing.Noneofusknowswhereithas______________.havebeento,havebeenin,havebeenHavebeento去过某地，现在不在那里IhavebeentoParis.NowIamstayinginZhuhai.Havebeenin一直呆在某地，后接地点IcametoZhuhaiin2004.SoIhavebeeninZhuhaifor2yearsalready.Havebeen后接名词和表状态的词组Ihavebeenateachersince2004.IhavebeenatNo.4MiddleSchoolfor2years.练习：1.A:Where’sJim,LiLei?B:He______________theschoollibrary.2.TheGreens_____________Chinaforthreeyears.We_____________theGreatWalltwice.It’sverybeautiful.1.Someofushave______________Zhuhaiforonlyaweek.2.Susanhas______________inthisbandforoverfiveyears.3.Myfatherhas______________Guangdongseveraltimes.4.Ithas______________alongtimesinceIfirstmetJohnny.5.HelovesZhuhaiandhehas______________therequiteafewtimes.6.Judiehasalways______________agoodstudentandherclassmateslikeher.57.Tonyhas______________Americabefore,sothistimehewilltraveltoFrance.8.Betty’s__________athomeforthreedays.Shedoesn’tfeelinglikegoingout.9.Thebosshas______________theofficesinceearlythismorning.Heworkshard.七、瞬间动词和持续性动词用于完成时的区别延续动词表示经验、经历；瞬间动词表示行为的结果，不能与表示段的时间状语连用。Hehascompletedthework.他已完成了那项工作。(表结果)Juliahasborrowedthebook.Julia已经借了那本书。I'veknownhimsincethen.我从那时起就认识他了。(表经历)Juliahaskeptthebookfor3days.Julia已借了三天这本书了。用于till/until从句的差异延续动词用于肯定句，表示“做……直到……”瞬间动词用于否定句，表示“到…才…”Hedidn‘tcomebackuntilteno’clock.他到10点才回来。Hesleptuntilteno'clock.他一直睡到10点。瞬间动词不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用,但是他可以转换成相应的延续性动词.1.直接用延续性动词buy–havecatch(get)acold–haveacoldborrow—keepCome/go/become—beputon--wear2.转换成be+名词jointhearmy–beasoldierJointheParty–beaPartymembergotoschool–beastudent3转换成be+形容词或副词die—bedeadfinish–beoverbegin—beon6leave—beawayfallsleep–beasleepclose–beclosed4.转换成be+介词短语gotoschool–beinschooljointhearmy–beinthearmy1.我们买这本书三年了.Wehavehadthebookforthreeyears.Weboughtthebookthreeyearsago2.他感冒三天了.Hehashadacoldforthreedays.Hecaughtacoldthreedaysago.1.Hisuncle____________(die)fortwoyears.2.Helefthishometownthreeyearsago.(改为同义句)He________________________hishometownforthreeyears.瞬间动词和持续动词的练习判断正误：1.Annhasbecomeateacherfor4years.2.MariahasborrowedtheCDfrommeforaoveraweek.3.Jeffhasn’thadadayoffsincelastMonday.4.Normanhasputthemachinerightforafewhours.5.Thestudentshavefinishedthehomeworkforawhile.6.Thefrontdoorhasbeenopenfor8hour