1996年考研英语阅读精解及高频词汇

1996/PassagelTight-lippedeldersusedtosay,It'snotwhatyouwantinthisworld,butwhatyouget.Psychologyteachesthatyoudogetwhatyouwantifyouknowwhatyouwantandwanttherightthings.Youcanmakeamentalblueprintofadesireasyouwouldmakeablueprintofahouse,andeachofusiscontinuallymakingtheseblueprintsinthegeneralroutineofeverydayliving.Ifweintendtohavefriendstodinner,weplanthemenu,makeashoppinglist,decidewhichfoodtocookfirst,andsuchplanningisanessentialforanytypeofmealtobeserved.Likewise,ifyouwanttofindajob,takeasheetofpaper,andwriteabriefaccountofyourself.Inmakingablueprintforajob,beginwithyourself,forwhenyouknowexactlywhatyouhavetooffer,youcanintelligentlyplanwheretosellyourservices.Thisaccountofyourselfisactuallyasketchofyourworkinglifeandshouldincludeeducation,experienceandreferences.Suchanaccountisvaluable.Itcanbereferredtoinfillingoutstandardapplicationblanksandisextremelyhelpfulinpersonalinterviews.Whiletalkingtoyou,yourcould-beemployerisdecidingwhetheryourwaresandabilitiesmustbedisplayedinanorderlyandreasonablyconnectedmanner.Whenyouhavecarefullypreparedablueprintofyourabilitiesanddesires,youhavesomethingtangibletosell.Thenyouarereadytohuntforajob.Getallthepossibleinformationaboutyourcould-bejob.Makeinquiriesastothedetailsregardingthejobandthefirm.Keepyoureyesandearsopen,anduseyourownjudgment.Spendacertainamountoftimeeachdayseekingtheemploymentyouwishfor,andkeepinmind:Securingajobisyourjobnow.1.Whatdotheeldersmeanwhentheysay,It'snotwhatyouwantinthisworld,butwhatyouget.?[A]You'llcertainlygetwhatyouwant.[B]It'snousedreaming.[C]Youshouldbedissatisfiedwithwhatyouhave.[D]It'sessentialtosetagoalforyourself.2.Ablueprintmadebeforeinvitingafriendtodinnerisusedinthispassageas_____.[A]anillustrationofhowtowriteanapplicationforajob[B]anindicationofhowtosecureagoodjob[C]aguidelineforjobdescription[D]aprincipleforjobevaluation3.Accordingtothepassage,onemustwriteanaccountofhimselfbeforestartingtofindajobbecause_______.[A]thatisthefirststeptopleasetheemployer[B]thatistherequirementoftheemployer[C]itenableshimtoknowwhentosellhisservices[D]itforceshimtobecomeclearlyawareofhimself4.Whenyouhavecarefullypreparedablueprintofyourabilitiesanddesires,youhavesomething______.[A]definitetooffer[B]imaginarytoprovide[C]practicaltosupply[D]desirabletopresentPassage2WiththestartofBBCWorldServiceTelevision,millionsofviewersinAsiaandAmericacannowwatchtheCorporation'snewscoverage,aswellaslistentoit.AndofcourseinBritainlistenersandviewerscantuneintotwoBBCtelevisionchannels,fiveBBCnationalradioservicesanddozensoflocalradiostation.Theyarebroughtsport,comedy,drama,music,newsandcurrentaffairs,education,religion,parliamentarycoverage,children'sprogramsandfilmsforanannuallicensefeeof83poundsperhousehold.Itisaremarkablerecord,stretchingbackover70years——yettheBBC’sfutureisnowindoubt.TheCorporationwillsurviveasapublicly-fundedbroadcastingorganization,atleastforthetimebeing,butitsrole,itssizeanditsprogramsarenowthesubjectofanation-widedebateinBritain.ThedebatewaslaunchedbytheGovernment,whichinvitedanyonewithanopinionoftheBBC-includingordinarylistenersandviewers——tosaywhatwasgoodorbadabouttheCorporation,andevenwhethertheythoughtitwasworthkeeping.ThereasonforitsinquiryisthattheBBC’sroyalcharterrunsoutin1996anditmustdecidewhethertokeeptheorganizationasitis,ortomakechanges.DefendersoftheCorporation-ofwhomtherearemany——arefondofquotingtheAmericansloganIfitain'tbroke,don'tfixit.TheBBCain'tbroke”,theysay,bywhichtheymeanitisnotbroken(asdistinctfromtheword‘broke’,meaninghavingnomoney),sowhybothertochangeit?YettheBBCwillhavetochange,becausethebroadcastingworldarounditischanging.ThecommercialTVchannels——TVandChannel4-wererequiredbytheThatcherGovernment'sBroadcastingActtobecomemorecommercial,competingwitheachotherforadvertisers,andcuttingcostsandjobs.Butitisthearrivalofnewsatellitechannels——fundedpartlybyadvertisingandpartlybyviewers'subscriptions-whichwillbringaboutthebiggestchangesinthelongterm.5.TheworldfamousBBCnowfaces_______.[A]theproblemofnewscoverage[B]anuncertainprospect[C]inquiriesbythegeneralpublic[D]shrinkageofaudience6.Inthepassage,whichofthefollowingabouttheBBCisnotmentionedasthekeyissue?[A]ExtensionofitsTVservicetoFarEast.[B]Programsasthesubjectofanation-widedebate.[C]Potentialsforfurtherinternationalco-operations.[D]Itsexistenceasabroadcastingorganization.7.TheBBC'sroyalcharter(Line4,Paragraph3)standsfor________.[A]thefinancialsupportfromtheroyalfamily[B]theprivilegesgrantedbytheQueen[C]acontractwiththeQueen[D]auniquerelationshipwiththeroyalfamily8.TheforemostreasonwhytheBBChastoreadjustitselfisnootherthan______.[A]theemergenceofcommercialTVchannels[B]theenforcementofBroadcastingActbythegovernment[C]theurgentnecessitytoreducecostsandjobs[D]thechallengeofnewsatellitechannelsPassage3Inthelasthalfofthenineteenthcenturycapitalandlaborwereenlargingandperfectingtheirrivalorganizationsonmodernlines.Manyanoldfirmwasreplacedbyalimitedliabilitycompanywithabureaucracyofsalariedmanagers.Thechangemetthetechnicalrequirementsofthenewagebyengagingalargeprofessionalelementandpre