英语泛读教程 4 Unit 10 Christianity

1.Godbewithyou!2.Ohmygoodness!3.Godknows.4.Godblessyou！5.GoodHeaven!6.Jesus~~~~~~~~(口语可简化为:Geez！)Languagerelatedwith“God”一路平安（送行之语）！我的天啊！鬼知道！愿主保佑你！老天！额滴神~~~~1WorldReligion2WorldReligionIslam/Moslems/Muslim7thcenturyAD★Koran(orQur’an)★1.3billion3WorldReligionChristianity/Christians/Christian1stcenturyAD/CE★Bible(OldTestament&NewTestament)★2.2billion45MainBranchesofChristianity•RomanCatholic:•headedbythePope,thebeliefthatthePopeisinacontinuouslineofsuccessionfromStPeter,onwhomJesusChristbestowedauthorityintheChurch.Clergyarenotpermittedtomarry.•Protestantism:•MartinLutherthe“father”ofProtestantism.Clergyarepermittedtomarry.6•EasternOrthodoxy:•EasternOrthodoxydeniestheauthorityoftheRomanCatholicPopetospeakandactfortheentirechurchbyhimselfwithoutachurchcouncil.Parishpriestsareexpectedtobemarried,butbishopsarechosenfromamongmonks,andarethereforenotmarried.7II.CoreBelief8JesusistheSonofGod,thatHeisonewithGod,andthatHewassenthereforoursalvation.Godisthecreatorofallpeople,theworld,theuniverse,andeverythingseenandunseen.JesuswasconceivedoftheHolySpiritofGodandbornthroughtheVirginMary.9GodJesusHolySpiritChristianity1.TrinityFather/Almighty/CreatorSon/Jesus/Christ/Savior/LordHolySpirit/GiverofLife/Paraclete102.originalsin.信原罪：这是基督教伦理道德观的基础，认为人类的祖先亚当和夏娃因偷食禁果犯的罪传给了代子孙，成为人类一切罪恶的根源。人生来就这种原罪，此外还有违背上帝意志而犯种种「罪」，人不能自我拯救，而要靠耶稣基督的救赎。因而，原罪说以后逐渐发展为西方的「罪感文化」，对欧美人的心理及价值观念影响深远。113.salvationHumansduetosinandthisoffensecouldnotgetthemselvestorelyon.GodsenthisonlySonJesusChristtocometoearthtomakeSacrificesandbecomea“ransom”.Godmadehumanbeingstorepaydebts,thussavingmankind.信救赎。人类因有原罪和本罪而无法自救，要靠上帝派遣独生子耶稣基督降世为人做牺牲，成为「赎价」，作了人类偿还上帝的债项，从而拯救了全人类。12Person'slifeislimited,butthehumansoulwillberebornbecauseoftheirbeliefs,andmayhavebeenGod'ssalvationandeternallife.信天国和永生。人的生命是有限的，但人的魂会因信仰而重生，并可得上帝的拯救而获永生，在上帝的国——天国里得永福。heavenandeternallife13tohell信地狱和永罚。人若不信或不思悔改，就会受到上帝的永罚，要在地狱里受煎熬。14Ibelievethatwhentheendoftheworld,humanbeings,includingthosewhodiedbeforeGodwillacceptthefinaltrial,innocentpeoplewillenterheaven,whiletheguiltywillgotohell.信末世。相信在世界末日之时，人类包括死去人都将在上帝面前接受最后的审判，无罪的人将进入天堂，而有罪者将下地狱。Theendoftheworld.15C.CoreEthicalTeachings1)FoundationalPrinciples:dogood&avoidevil;loveGod,others,self;developan“informedconscience”2)SexualMorality:dualpurposeofsex;consistentethicoflife;humanrelationships;centralroleoffamily3)SocialEthics:dignityofeachperson;commongood;careofthepoor/needy;work,participation,property16IV.Festivals•Christmas•ChristianscelebrateJesus‘birthonDecember25th.Itfollowsamonthofpreparation(Advent)andinvolvedlotsoffestivities.17EasterSundayThemostimportantfestivalforChristians.Itisaveryjoyousoccasionmarkedinchurchesbywonderfulmusicandflowers.OutofchurchbytheexchangeofcardsandEastereggs.1819TheRenaissance16thcenturyWesternEuropeChristianityChristianityWesternEuropeinthe16thCenturyTheReformationTheReformationIndependenceReformersRenaissanceIndulgenceChristianityChristianityWhatleadstotheReformation?2021ThereligiousunityinWesternandCentralEuropeoftheMiddleAgeshasvanishedProtestantReformationChristiansweredividedintoCatholicsandProtestantsChristianityChristianityInfluencesoftheReformationUlrichZwingliThomasCranmerThomasCromwellJohnCalvinMartinLutherLeadersTheReformationChristianityChristianityLeadersintheReformation2223MartinLutherNatureofLifeCommunicationGraceandFaithBibleChristianityChristianityMartinLutherBibleSalvationpredestinationJohnCalvinChristianityChristianityJohnCalvin24ThestructureofthepassagePart1.（P1）Therisinganddevelopingofreligiousreformation.Part2.（P2-9）MartinLuther’smovementforprotestingagainsttheChristianandthesuccessofhisreformation.Part3.（P10-12）Thereligiousreformationinotherarea.（CalvinandEngland）Part4.（P13）Theinfluenceofthereformation.25WORDPRETEST261.ShewasadevoutCatholic.A.devotedB.enthusiasticC.piousanswer:C27她是个虔诚的天主教徒。Catholic[‘kæθəlik]adj.天主教的n.天主教徒Devout[di‘vaut]adj.虔诚的,虔敬的,衷心的2829A.devoted[di‘Vəutid]adj.投入的,深爱的,全心全意的B.enthusiastic[inθju:zi‘æstik]adj.热心的,热情的,热烈的C.pious[‘paiəs]adj.虔诚的,伪善的,尽责的,值得的2.BythegraceofGodtheshipcomesafelyhomethroughstorm.A.eleganceB.prayerC.favoranswer:C30受上帝的恩惠,那艘船历经暴风雨后安全返航。•Grace[greis]n.优美,优雅,恩惠31A.elegance[‘eligəns,’eləgəns]n.高雅,典雅,优雅B.prayer[prɛə,‘preiə,prɛə]n.祈祷,祷告C.favor['feivə]n.偏爱,给予,支持323.Shedidsincerepenanceforhurtinghersister.A.confessionB.voluntaryself-punishmentC.self-criticismanswer:B33因为伤害到了她的妹妹,她做了诚挚的自我惩罚.sincere[sin‘siə]adj.真诚的,诚挚的penance[‘penəns]n.自我惩罚,(赎罪的)苦行34A.confession[kən‘feʃən]n.自认,自白,招供,忏悔B.voluntaryself-punishment自愿的自我惩罚C.self-criticismn.自我批评354.Thearmysoonsuppressedtherevolt.A.depressedB.crushedC.pressedanswer:B36军队很快便镇压了叛乱。Suppress[sə‘pres]vt.镇压,隐瞒,压制,止住,禁止revolt[ri'vəult]n.叛乱,反抗,反感37A.depressed[di‘prest]adj.沮丧的,降低的,不景气的,萧条的B.crushed[krʌʃt]adj.压碎的,碾碎的,起皱的C.pressed[prest]adj.（金钱、时间等）紧迫的,压平的385.Sincethecontractwassignedunderillegalcircumstances,werequestedthatitbeannulled.A.canceledB.discussedC.changedanswer:A39既然合同是在一个不合法的境况下签署的，我们要求它应该被废除。circumstance['sə:kəmstəns,'sə:kəm'stɑ:ns]n.环境,详情,事件,(复数)境况annulled[ə‘nʌld]adj.取消的,废除的annul[ə‘nʌl]v.废除,消减,取消,宣告无效406.Sheh