(5)TheArtofListening教案翻译与理解,上下文

＜第五课教案（一）课文讲解赏析（二）理解与翻译（三）补充材料：上下文TheArtofListening＜MartinArmstrongTherearefewpeople,Iimagine,exceptthosewhoarealreadygoodlecturersoforators®(orator:personwhomakesspeeches,esp.agoodspeaker),towhomspeakingonthewirelesscomesnaturally.除了老练、出色的院校讲师或演说家，我料想极少有人能在无线电播音机前自自然然地讲话。Likeacting,itisanartwhichmustbepatientlyacquired.如同表演，这是一门须耐心磨练才能获得的艺术。Manylively,self-confidentfolkdon’tbelievethis.Nonsence!saysone.You'vesimplytobeyourownnaturalself,forgetthestudioand.themicrophoneandtalkasyouwouldtalktoagroupoffriends.许多活跃、自信的人不相信此事。“胡扯!”有人如是说：“你只须像平常一样自然，不去管那演播室和麦克风，就如同对一群朋友说话那样就行了。”Thereisasimplycureforthisflatteringconviction®(conviction:firmorassuredbelief),namelytotreathimtothehumiliatingexperienceofarecordingofhimself.治疗此类夸夸其谈，有一种简单的办法，那就是让他经历一下给他自己录音的难堪。Thecurebeginsevenbeforehehearstherecording,forathisfirstencounterwiththemicrophonehediscoversthatitisfarfromeasytotalktoagroupoffriendswhoonlytooevidentlyarenotthere.甚至在他听到录音之前，疗法就奏效了——当他刚一接触到麦克风，他就发现对显然不在眼前的一群朋友讲话绝非易事。Worsestill,hehimselfishisonlyaudienceanditisunnaturalandunnerving(unnerving:causingtolosecourage)tohearyourselfloudlyandemphaticallyor,stillworse,ratherfeeblytalkingtoyourself.更不如意的是，他本人便是他自己的唯一听众，听到自己大声地，加重语气地或者软弱无力地(后者更糟)说话，不仅使人感到不自然，而且使人丧失勇气。Andwhenitcomestolisteningtotherecording,oneandonlyoneofhisunpleasantdiscoveriesisthathisbroadcastvoiceisnotthevoiceheknowsashisown.到听录音时，他只有一个令人大为不悦的发现，那就是自己的录音并不是自己所熟知的自己的声音。Broadcasting,hefinds,isnotnaturalbehaviour.他这才意识到播音并不是自然行为。Thesameistrueoflisteningtobroadcastspeech——thevoicesofabsentspeakerswhosinglyorseverallytalktousortoeachother.听广播讲话，即听不在眼前的说话人单独讲演或多人对话时，情形也是如此。InthesebriefobservationsIshalldiscussonlywhatisclassfiedbytheB.B.C.asthespokenword^-.toincludebroadcastsofadramatickindwouldtakemetoofarand,incidentally,compelmetopointouthowbadlyShakespearewrotefortheradio.在这些简短的议论中，我只想讨论一下被英国广播公司定位为口语的内容——倘若包括戏剧类广播，我就不免离题过远，而且，偶尔还不得不讲讲莎士比亚为广播写作该有多糟。Tolistentospeakersvisiblypresentisnotonlyeasybut,exceptfortheverystrong-minded,unavoidable,butnothingiseasierthantoignorethesense,ifnotthenoise,'-ofthetalkthatpoursfromaradio-set.现场看得见说话人，听其讲话就不仅是很容易的事，而且，除意志力极强的人之外，也是不可避免的事。但是，最容易的事还要算对收音机里传出的谈话意义（如果不是声响的话）置若罔闻。Theabsenceofthetalker:withhiswholevisiblepersonality,hisfacialexpression-andhisgestureswhichsooftenhelpustocatchwhathesays,leavesnooccupationfortheeye:allthelistenergetsofhimcomesinsoundandthisthrowsanabnormalburdenontheear.讲话人不在场，能够帮助人们领会其讲话内容的所有可见特征，面部表情和手势都看不见，便使讲话人的眼睛无所事事，听讲人从讲话人那里的全部所得便是声音，这就给耳朵造成超常负担，Nowonderthenthatwhenthetalkfallsbeneathhisinterestorsoarsabovehiscomprehension,orwhenahumdrum®deliverylullshishearingintoadoze,orbadreceptionmakesitdifficultforhimtocatchthesense,theeye,withnothingbettertodo,conscientiouslytakesonthedutyofentertaininghim,drawinghisattentiontoabowlofflowers,thestillactiveappealsofafamiliarpicture,orthefascinatingtricksplayedbysunlightorlamplightontheobjectsabouthim,whiletheearseizestheopportunityforamuch-neededrest.也怪当所讲的内容为听者所不感兴趣或无法理解时，或者，当单调的演说令人昏昏欲睡时，当接收过差使人难以解意时，眼睛由于没有更好的事情可做，便尽力承担起娱乐责任，将听者的注意力引向一碗花，或更具感染力的熟悉图画，或由阳光或灯光照在周围物件上所出现的迷人戏法，这时耳朵便抓住这个需要好好休息一下的机会。Theremedy,ofcourse,istoshutoutthesealluringdistractionsbyclosingtheeyes.对这种状况的疗法当然是闭上眼睛，把所有吸引人的事物关在外面。Unfortunatelythisisnotonlyaremedyandaninfallible®one;itisapanacea®;andsoontheothersensesclosedownandthelistenerfallsasleep.不幸的是，这不仅是个疗法，是个称得上肯定有效的疗法，而且还是万应药——很快其他感官也封闭了，听讲者睡着了。Theamateurlistener,wholistensforpleasureorinstruction,hadmuchbetterswitchoffassoonasherealizesthatthegameisnotworththecandle®,butthecriticsometimesfeelsitsobehisdutytofighttothelast,ifonlytomakeusefulcommentonhisharassing®experience.或为愉悦，或为领教而听的非专业听众，一旦意识到节目不值一听，立即关机是再好不过的；而评论者却将坚持战斗到最后一刻作为己任——如果对他倍感折磨的经历作出适当评论的话。Inearliertimes,whenthefieldofavailableknowledgewascomfortablysmallanditsadvanceslow,theloveroflearningmighthopetoexplorethegreaterpartofit.在久远的年代，当有用知识的领域尚小，发展尚慢时，酷爱学问者或许在志在较大范围内探索知识。Today,whenitisnotonlydrivingaheadatabewilderingspeedbuttunnelingbackintowiderandwiderareasofthepast,eventhemostdogged®adventurercannothopetoexploremorethanasmallfractionofthevastcontinent.今日，知识不仅有了突飞猛进的发展，而且，越来越广泛地挖掘了过去的诸多领域，就连最顽强的探险者也无法在如今这广袤的疆域中涉足更多的领域，而只能探索极小的一块地方。Inourlistening,asinourotherintellectualactivities,wemustpickandchoose.我们的收听活动，如同我们的其他智力活动，必须挑拣和选择。Butnobodyexceptthosewhoarecontenttothinkwithasuperannuated®mindornottothinkatallcanaffordtoignoremodernscience.除了那些满足于用陈旧观念思考或根本不思考的人，没有人能够忽视现代科学。Itsintricateprocessesare,ofcourse,forabovetheheadsofmostofus,butwecanatleastgraspsomethingofitsconclusionsandtheoriesandtheir(mplications,andtheB.B.C.providesopportunitiestodosoinnumeroustalksanddiscussions,manyofthemofoutstandingexcellence.当然，科学的复杂过程远非大多数人的脑力所能把握，但我们至少可以了解它的一定结论、理论及其意义。英国广播公司在大量的交谈和讨论节目中提供了许许多多这样做的机会，而且在这些交谈和讨论节目中也不乏杰作。WhenlisteningtoallbutthesimplestscientificprogrammesIfinditessentialtotakenotes,foroften,ifIdon’t,IdiscoverattheendthatconcentrationonhearingandunderstandingthedetailshasabsorbedmyavailableenergiesandIamunabletorecalltheargumentandgraspthewhole.当收听节目(最简单的科技节目除外)时，我感到做笔记很重要。·经常有这种情形，如果我不做笔记，到末尾我便会发现由于专注于倾听和理解细节而耗费了精