09高考英语经典语法讲解及测试题

高中英语辅导网京翰教育中心高考英语第二轮复习经典语法讲解及试题集（03）代词1)人称代词：人称代词分主格和宾格两种，前者在句子中担任主语，后者担任动词或介词的宾语。TheystudyGerman./Pleasepassmetheruler.①人称代词的用法：a.当代词成对地使用或一个代词与一个名词搭配使用时，两个部分的句法功能必须一致。LiHongandIwentshoppingyesterday.Itwasourteacherwhosmoothedawaythedifferencebetweenyouandme.注:人称代词的排列一般为：第二人称，第三人称，第一人称you,heandIthemandus如有其他代词时，其他代词排列于人称代词之后，如：he,Iandsomeothersb.人称代词用作表语时，如说明主语，一般要用主格，如说明宾语则要用宾格。IfIwereshe,Iwouldtakeyouradvice.Iwouldsharetheroomwithyouifyouwerehim.②It的用法。a.用作人称代词，代替前文提到过的事物。Whereisthecat?It'sinthekitchen.Jackisill.Haveyouheardaboutit?Mybookismissing.Ican'tfinditanywhere.b.用以代替指示代词this,that。What'sthis?--It'safrog./Whosepenisthat?--It'smine.c.表示时间，天气，距离等。Alovelyday,isn'tit?/It'stwoo'clock.It'sabouttwolifromheretoourschool.d.用作形式主语，形式宾语，代替不定式短语，动名词或从句。It'snousetalkingwithhimaboutthat.Ittookmetwentyminutestogetthere.Wethinkitimportantthatcollegestudentsshouldmasteratleastoneforeignlanguage.e.用在强调结构中。为了强调句子的某一成分（通常是主语，宾语或状语），常用强调结构Itis(was)+被强调成分+that(或who)…ItwasLiuMingthatIsawinthestreetthismorning.Itwasintheclassroomthathetoldmeaboutit.2)不定代词：①all/botha.both用于两个人或事物，all用于两个以上的人或事物，均可作主语。All(ofus)likefruits./Both(ofthem)aregoodatEnglish.b.用作同位语。作主语同位语时须注意它们的位置不同，位于行为动词之前；位于be动词之后。Theyall(或both)agreedwithme./Theyareall(或both)veryhealthy.Iknowthemall(或both).②one/it（人称代词）高中英语辅导网京翰教育中心代替可数名词，表示上面所提到的那一类人或物中的一个，其复数形式带定语时用ones，不带定语时用some。而it则用于指代上文提到的那个表示物的名词本身，既可指单数可数名词也可指不可数名词。Idon'thaveawatchbutI'mgoingtobuyone（或some）.Ihaveabicycle.Myauntgaveittome.③noone/nonenoone只用于指人，而none既可指人也可指物。如果说若干人（物）之中一个也不，用noneof,后接复数名词时，谓语可以用复数，也可用单数；后接不可数名词时，谓语用单数。如：NoonetoldmethathehadgonetoShanghai.Noneofthemhave（或has）arrivedyet.（不用noone）Noneofthemoneyismine.④some/any/no/every+（thing,one,body等。）some类用于肯定句，any类用于否定和疑问句。Iknownothingofwhathadhappenedtohim.Ihavelittlerice,soIcan'tlendyouany.Sheisgoingtobuysomenewdresses.注:everyone和everyone前者意思是每个人，与everybody同义，后面不可跟of短语，后者意思是每个人或物，后面跟of短语。试比较：everyoneintheclassroom（教室里的所有的人）everyoneofthechildren（这些孩子中的每一个）everyoneofthebooks（这些书中的每一本）⑤部分否定与全部否定：当all,both,each和every(body,thing)等表示整体意义的代词与否定词连用时，一般只表示部分否定，如果表示全部否定，应该用none,noone,neither,nobody,nothing等.Allofthestudentswerenotlatefortheclass.不是所有学生上课都迟到的。(现代英语中常写成：Notallthestudentswerelatefortheclass.）Noneofthestudentswerelatefortheclass.没有一个学生上课迟到的。3)疑问代词：用于构成特殊疑问句，其中what,which,whose兼有形容词特征，可以和名词连用。Whatjobdoyouwanttofind?/Whosegirlisshe?Whichsubjectisyourbestone?所有疑问代词都可以起名词作用，在句子中担任成分。Whotoldyou?/Whomareyouwaitingfor?Whosearethosebooks?在学习疑问代词时，对以下几组词注意区别：1which和what两者均可与名词连用，就人或物提问。但是which一般用于有一定选择范围的情况，what用于无选择范围或究竟是什么还不清楚的情况。Whichcolourdoyoulike-green,red,yelloworbrown?Whatcolourisherdress?Whatwritersdoyoulikebest?高中英语辅导网京翰教育中心和who两者都可作代词，它们的区别是不管选择的范围是大还是小，which一般用作指物。Whichwouldyouliketoeat-steakorfish?Whowonthegame-SmithorJohnson?当有一定选择范围时，whichone代替who作宾语.Whichonedoyoulikebetter,yourmotheroryourfather?Whichof可和人称代词或指人的名词连用,如：WhichofyouhastakenawaymyEnglishbook?4)连接代词who,whom,whose,which,what,whatever,whoever等，除起连接作用外，还可以在从句中担当主语，宾语，定语，表语等成分。如：Thequestioniswhocanoperatethenewmachine.（引导表语从句--作主语）Theyaskedwhoseideathiswas.（引导宾语从句--作定语）Whenyouareolder,youcanwatchwhateverprogrammeyoulike.（引导宾语从句--作定语）I'llgivemytickettowhoeverwantsit.（这里whoever可看成anyonewho，orthepersonwho）.试完成下列高考(06年前)单项选择题：1.Wecouldn'teatinarestaurantbecause_______ofushad______moneyonus.A.all,noB.any,noC.none,anyD.noone,any2.Fewpleasurescanequal______ofacooldrinkonahotday.A.someB.anyC.thatD.those3.Ireadaboutitinsomebookorother,doesitmatter_____itwas?A.whereB.whatC.howD.which4.TheParkersboughtanewhouse,but_____willneedalotofworkbeforetheycanmovein.A.theyB.itC.oneD.which5.Iagreewithmostofwhatyousaid,butIdon'tagreewith______.A.everythingB.anythingC.somethingD.nothing(答案1-----5CCDBA)练习（一）代词一、强化训练：1.NewEnglish-ChineseDictionaryhasbeenrepublishedseveraltimes,_____moreuptodatethanthelastedition.A.anyB.everyoneC.eitherD.each2.Afterpaying1,000dollars_____,you'llallbecomefullmembersofourclub.A.eachB.allC.everyD.both3._____washercrueltythatweallhatedher.A.ItB.WhatC.ThatD.Such4.Maryhasbeenillinbedforaweek.Iwonderifsheis_____betternow.A.muchB.someC.anyD.very5.-Whichofthesetwotieswillyoutake?-Idon'tlikethese.Doyouhaveany_____?A.oneB.otherC.onesD.others6.I'dratherrideabikeasbikeridinghas_____ofthetroubleoftakingbuses.A.muchB.allC.neitherD.none高中英语辅导网京翰教育中心