09高考英语易错题解题方法大全(5)阅读理解

-1-高考英语易错题解题方法大全：阅读理解【示例1】EdwardWilsonisAmerica’s,ifnottheworld’s,leadingnaturalist.InTheFutureofLife,hetakesusonatouroftheworld’snaturalresources(资源).Howaretheyused?Whathasbeenlost?Whatremainsandisitabletocontinuewiththepresentspeedofuse?Wilsonalsopointsouttheneedtounderstandfullythebiodiversity(生物多样性)ofourearth.Wilsonbeginswithanopenlettertothepioneerinenvironment(环境)protectionHenryDavidThoreau.Hecomparestoday’sWaldenPondwiththatofThoreau’sday.Wilsonwillusesuchcomparisonsfortherestofthebook.Theproblemisclean:manhasdonegreatdamagetohishomeovertheyears.Cantheearth,withhumanhelp,bemadetoreturntobiodiversitylevelsthatwillbeabletosupportusinthefuture?Biodiversity,Wilsonargues,isthekeytosettlingmanyproblemstheearthfacestoday.Evenouragriculturalcropscangainadvantagesfromit.Amerehundredspecies(物种)arethebasisofourfoodsupply,ofwhichbuttwentycarrytheload.Wilsonsuggestschangingthissituationbylookingintotenthousandspeciesthatcouldbemadeuseof,whichwillbeawaytoreducetheclearingofthenaturalhomesofplantsandanimalstoenlargefarmingareas.Attheendofthebook,Wilsondiscussestheimportanceofhumanvaluesinconsideringtheenvironment.Ifyouaretocontinuetoliveontheearth,youmaywellreadandactontheideas.72.WelearnfromthetextthatWilsoncaresmostabout.A.theenvironmentforplantsB.thebiodiversityofourearthC.thewasteofnaturalresourcesD.theimportanceofhumanvalues73.Howmanyspeciesaremostimportanttoourpresentfoodsupply?A.Twenty.B.EightyC.Onehundred.D.Tenthousand.74.Wilsonsuggeststhatonewaytokeepbiodiversityisto.A.learnhowtofarmscientificallyB.buildhomesforsomedyingspeciesC.makeitclearwhattoeat-2-D.usemorespeciesforfood75.Wecaninferthatthetextis.A.adescriptionofnaturalresourcesB.aresearchreportC.abookreviewD.anintroductiontoascientist参考答案及解析72.【错解分析】典型错误A.错因分析没有抓住文章的重点,以次代主,以点代面.【解题指导】本题属于判断推理题.这类题要求学生在理解文章中直接陈述的观点或描述的事实基础上，领悟作者的弦外之意，得出符合作者意愿的结论，即作者没有在文章中明说的。要得出正确的推理仅以阅读材料为前题还不够，还必须结合自己应有的常识。本题的关键提示信息在第三段中的第一句话.【答案】本题的正确选项为B.73.【错解分析】典型错误D.错因分析是学生审题不细.【解题指导】本题是细节理解题.学生们在做此类试题时,可以采用查读法,即带着问题寻找答案,同时要注意审题.【答案】本题的正确选项为A.74.【错解分析】典型错误A.错因分析信息错位,释意不清.【解题指导】本题是细节理解题.属于间接辨认题,要正确地理解文章中具体信息的含义,并用同义或是近义的形式复述出来.本题的选项依据为第三段的最后一句话.【答案】本题的正确选项为D.75.【错解分析】典型错误A.错因分析关键信息没有抓住,以点代面.【解题指导】本题是推理判断题.推理判断要根据文章中的信息来判断,不能依据自己的主观判断,也不能以点代面.本题推断依据为文章开始部分的TheFutureofLife一书的基本内容,然后重点谈及Biodiversity的重要性,最后根据文章最后一段,由此可以判断出本题选C项.【答案】本题的正确选项为C.【练习1】WANGHaoandWangLiqin,twoofChina'stoptabletennisplayers,bothsawtheWorldTableTennisChampionshipsasachancetoprovethemselves.Buttherewasonlyonechampion(冠军)andWangHao,25,wonitlastTuesdayinYokohama,Japan.WangHao,whowonthemen'sdoublestitlewithChenQilastMonday,playedwithspiritto-3-beatWangLiqin11-9,13-11,11-5,11-9.WangHaosaiditwashismentaltoughness(心理稳定)thatmadethedifference.IwasdisappointedbymyperformancesinpastchampionshipsandthelasttwoOlympicGames.ButIhavetriedtopullmyselftogetherandpreparedwell.Thisistheresult.WangHaosaidhehasalwaysunderstoodtheimportanceofphysicaltrainingandtechnicalskills.Nowheknowstheneedformentalpreparationaswell.HavingtwoOlympicsilvershadlefthimfeelingbitter(痛苦的).Thebitternessperhapsexplainswhyhehasnotalwaysplayedathisbestinthepast.I'vecometounderstandthatyoucanlearnimportantlessonsfromfailure,hesaid.Losingcanbuildyourcharacterandmakeyouastrongerplayer.Hisnextgoal,ordream,istowinthegoldmedalattheLondonOlympicsin2012.LiuGuoliang,headcoachofChina'stabletennisteam,sangthepraisesofWangHao'svictory.Thisisjustthebeginningofhisrise,saidLiu.It'stheconfidence-boosterheneedstomakefurtherprogress.1.Accordingtothepassage,WangHaowon_____goldmedalsintheWorldTableTennisChampionshipsinYokohama,Japan.A.onlyoneB.twoC.threeD.four2.FromWangHao,wecanknowthemainreasonforhisbeatingWangLiqinis______.A.histechnicalskillsB.hisphysicaltrainingC.hismentaltoughnessD.hispastexperience3.WhatisthenextgoalofWangHao?A.Towinthetitleofthechampionatthe2012OlympicsB.TobeatWangLiqinagainC.ToprovehimselfinthefuturecompetitionsD.Towinmoregoldsinfuture4.WhatcanwelearnfromWangHao?A.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.B.Nevergiveupuntilyousucceed.C.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.D.Agoodbeginningmakesagoodending.-4-参考答案及解析：1.【错解分析】典型错误A.错因分析没有全面地阅读文章，以点代面了。【解题指导】细节理解题。根据文章第一段和第二段可知。此类题可以带着问题在文中采用查读法寻找答案。【答案】本题的正确选项为B.2．【错解分析】典型错误A或B或是D。错因分析是没有抓住细节理解题的重点，审题不细。因为题干中有一个mainly.【解题指导】细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的第一句话可知。对于细节理解题的选项的选择，一定要理解题干，并防止以次代主。【答案】本题的正确选项为C。3．【错解分析】典型错误D.错因分析审题不清，D项也许是WangHao的远期目标，但是题干是thenextgoal。【解题指导】细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“Hisnextgoal,ordream,istowinthegoldmedalattheLondonOlympicsin2012.”可知。注意审题。【答案】本题的正确选项为A。4．【错解分析】典型错误B或C.错因分析在于学生对文章的理解不透彻。【解题指导】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段可知。推理判断题要认真研读文章，根据文章中的内容来进行推理判断。【答案】本题的正确选项为A。【示例2】DearHamilton,Wearefortunatethatinsuchalarge,high-pressureofficeweallgetalongsowell.Youareoneofthepeoplewhokeepthesocialtemperatureatsuchacomfortablesetting.Idon’tknowanyoneintheofficewhoisbetterlikedthanyou.Youcanperhapshelpwiththis.Thecollectionofcontributionstowardsgiftsforemployees’personal-lifeeventsisbecomingalittletroubling.Certainly,thegroupsendingofagiftisreasonablenowandthen.Inthepastmonth,however,therehavebeencollectionsfortwobabyshowergifts,oneweddingshowe