English literature in 20th century 20世纪英国文学

Chapter8EnglishLiteratureinthe20thCenturyGeneralViewofEnglishLiteratureinthe20thCenturyEnglishPoetryinthe20thCenturyEnglishNovelsinthe20thCenturyEnglishDramainthe20thCenturyProletarianLiteratureinthe20thCenturyⅠ.GeneralViewofEnglishLiteratureinthe20thCenturyHistoryBackgroundLiteraryCharacteristicsHistoryBackgroundForBritain,itwasatimeofdeclininginnationalfortuneandpower.Duringthe19thcentury,inordertopayforthewars,Britainhadtogiveupmanyofitsinvestmentsabroad.SinceWorldWarTwo,BritainhasbecomesubordinatetotheUnitedStates..DifferentkindsofphilosophicalideasappearedintheWesternworld.Inthemid-19thcentury,KarlMarxandFriedrichEngelsputforwardtheorywhichbecametheguidingtheoryforthesteuggleoftheworkingclassandencouragedtheoppressedpeopletofightfortheirfaithinthechurch.AlbertEinstein’stheoryofrelativityprovidednewIdeasfortheconceptsoftimeandspace.basedonTheseideas,HenriBergsonestablishedhisirrationalphilosophy.LiteraryCharacteristicsTheimportantandstrikingfeaturesofthe20thcenturyEnglishliterature:realismandmodernism.Featuresofmodernism:(1)Complexity(2)Radicalanddeliberatebreakwithtraditionalaestheticprinciples(3)BacktoAristotleTherearethreeperiodsinEnglishliteraturedevelopment.Thefirstperiod(1900-1918):Theplaywright:Bernard.Novelist:JohnGalsworthy;H.G.Well;ArnoldBennettPoet:THOMASHARDYThisnewtendencywasfoundinOscarWilde’swritingThesecondperiod(1918-1939)Itprovidedafavourableconditionforthefurtherdevelopmentofmodernism.1920s:thebestliteraryworksofmodernismappearedoneafteranother.Famousperson:JamesJoyce(Irishnovelist)VirginiaWoolf(brilliantwomanwriter)Thethirdperiod(20thcentury):ThisistheperiodofthecontemporaryEnglishliterature.Inpoetry,”purityofdiction”:TedHughes、PhilipLarkinInfictionanddrama:appearedagroupofvigorousyoungwriter,called“theAngryYoungMen”(1960-1970)Representatives:JohnOsborne、KingsleyAmis、JohnWainandJohnBraineInlate1960sto1970s:representativenovelist:WilliamGolding、JohnFowlesandGrahamGreene.In1950s,appearednewtypeofplays.SamuelBeckett(WaitingforGodot)EnglishPoetryinthe20thCenturyOutlineBrieflyintroductionPoetsofRealismPoetsofModernismInaliterarysense,the20thcenturycanbesaidtohavebeguninthe1890’s,inthepoliticalsenseitwasusheredbytheFirstWorldWar(1919-1918)whichhadaveryshockinginfluenceuponGreatBritain,whichcostitalmostawholegenerationofmostpromisingyoungmen.*Intheyearsthatfollowed,thecoloniesoftheEmpiregraduallybrokeawayandformedindependentstatesuntiltheBritishEmpirewastransformedintotheBritishCommonwealthin1931,consistingonlyCanada,Australia,NewZealand,India,etc.,allofwhichwerejoinedtothemothercountryinonlyalooseassociation.ThedownwardslideofGreatBritain,whichwasbroughtbythefirstwar,continuedthroughthesecond(1939-1945),inwhichitwasfinallydestroyedasagreatworldpower.*Intheearlyyearsofthiscentury,amajortechnicalrevolutionoccurredinEnglish,aswellasinAmerican,poetictheoryandpractice.W.B.Yeats,T.S.EliotandEzraPoundweretheleadingcharactersinthisrevolution.Indifferentways,theyrevoltedagainsttheimpreciselanguageandsentimentalemotionsofthelateVictorianpoets.TheresultofthisrevoltwastheliterarymovementthathascometobecalledModernismandhasgreatinfluenceonthepoetryaswellasthefictionofthecentury.(托马斯哈代)wasaEnglishpoet,alastandoneofthegreatestofVictoriannovelist,famousforhisdepictionsofthesemi-fictionalcountry“Wessex”.Hardy’sworksreflectedhisstoicalpessimismandsenseoftragedyinhumanlife.(1840-1928):astonemasonandlocalbuilder.Hismother:well-readandeducatedThomasuntilhewenttoschool.1848FirstschoolingatBockhampton.1856StudiedarchitectureandcontinuedhisreadinginEnglishandLatin.1862WenttoLondon.AssistanttoArthurBlomfieldindesigningchurchrestorations.1862Wontwoarchitecturalprizes.1865Writingpoemsatthistime.•Bornin1840,ThomasHardybecameknownasaprominentnovelistandpoetinBritishandAmericanliterature.•Hepublished8volumesofpoetry,onebeingpublishedposthumously(于著作者死后出版地).•Hardy’spoetryiscommonlyreferredtoaspessimisticandwasnotreceivedwellduringhislifetime.•OneofthemostcommonelementsseenthroughoutHardy’spoetryishisuseofautobiographicalinformationwithinthepoems•WessexPoems,1898•PoemsofthePastandPresent《今昔诗篇》•TheDynasts,《列王》•Time'sLaughingstocks《时间的笑柄》•SatiresofCircumstance,1914《环境的讽刺》•MomentsofVision,1917《幻觉的瞬间》•HumanShows,1925《人性面面观》阿尔弗雷德·爱德华·豪斯曼•A.E.Housman(shortforAlfredEdwardHousman)wasbornonMarch26thof1859inafamilyofacountrysolicitorastheeldestofsevenchildrenanddiedonApril30th,1936.HewasanEnglishclassicalpoet,scholarandoneoftheforemostclassicists,bestknownforh