关系代词基本用法

Grammar(关系代词之基本用法)TheAttributiveClause（定语从句）1.概念:在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的句子叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。引导定语从句的词叫做关系词。SheisanEnglishteacherwholikestraveling.定语从句关系词先行词结构：先行词+关系词+定语从句SheisanEnglishteacherwholikestraveling.定语从句关系词先行词结构：先行词+关系词+定语从句关系词:1.关系代词:2.关系副词:which﹑that、who﹑whom﹑whosewhen﹑where﹑why2.关系词的三大作用：1）.连接主从句2）.替代先行词（关系词==先行词）3）.在从句中做成分意义关系代词先行词从句成分例句who人主语宾语1.ThemanwhoImettodaytoldmetocomeback.•Thereporterwhoistalkingtotheworkerisfamous.whom人宾语ThegirlwhomImetlookslikeLily.that人；物主语宾语1.SheisthepersonthatIwanttosee.•Theboythathasjustlefthereismybrother.which物主语宾语1.ThisisabookwhichwaswrittenbyHemingway.•Thepenwhichyoulentmeislost.whose人；物定语Theroomwhosewindowisredismine.ThisisthescientistwhosenameisJohnNash.关系代词の---thatthat:既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语/宾语,且作宾语时可省略.①Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.②Thenoodles(that)Icookedweredelicious.③Whoisthemanthatisreadingabook?④Thegirl(that)wesawyesterdaywasBetty.关系代词の---whichwhich:指物,在定语从句中作主语or宾语，作宾语时可省略.①Ilostthebookwhichyougaveme.②Thisisourschoolwhichisverybeautiful.(一)只能用that不能用which①当先行词是不定代词时all/none/anything/nothing/everythingAllthatcanbedonemustbedone.Weshouldmakeuseofeverythingthatisuseful.(一)只能用that不能用which的情形②当先行词被all/little/few/much/some/any/no/every修饰时AllthestudentsthatarestudyinginourclassarefromGuangdongprovince.③当先行词被最高级、序数词以及theonly/thevery修饰时ThisistheonlybookthatIcanfindinmydesk.HeistheveryguythatIwanttotalkto.Thefirstthingthatyoushoulddoistoeatsth.(一)只能用that不能用which④当主句前以which/who开头的特殊疑问词时(避免重复)Whoisthegirlthatisstandingoverthere?WhichballistheonethatbelongstoMike?(一)只能用that不能用which的情形(一)只能用that不能用which5当先行词同时指物和人时,只能用that.Wearetalkingaboutthepeopleandthethingsthatwehavevisitedinthecounty.Summary:只能用that的情况1.先行词既有指人又有指物2.当先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级时，有theonly,thevery等修饰时3.先行词是all,much,anything,something,nothing等不定代词时4.主句是以who/which开头的特殊疑问句时(二)只能用which不能用that①which可以引导非限制性定语从句，that不能Therecorder,whichIpaid200dollars,provestobeveryuseful.Peterdrovetoofast,whichwasdangerous.②which之前可以有介词，而that不能Iwillneverforgettheschoolinwhichwestudiedtogether.Thisisthequestionaboutwhichtheyarediscussing.(二)只能用which不能用that的情形who:指人，在定语从句中作主语，或宾语做主语不能省略关系代词の---who①Manypeoplewhodiedintheearthquakewerechildren.②ThepersonwhohaslittlehairisMr.Zhang.(二)只能用who不能用that①先行词是one,ones,those,anyone,heHewhodoesn’tworkhardwillnotpasstheexam.whom:指人，在定语从句中作宾语;作及物动词宾语可省略,但在介词后不可省略。关系代词の---whom①Thegirl(whom)yousawjustnowismysister.②Themanwhomyoujusttalkedto/withisMr.Li.=Themanto/withwhomyoujusttalkedisMr.Li.◆类似的短语搭配有:talkabout/takecareof/lookfor/lookafter/learnfrom/listento等(二)只能用whom不能用who当关系代词前有介词时ThegirltowhomIspokeismycousin.(二)能位于介词后的关系代词WhichIwillneverforgettheschoolinwhichwestudiedtogether.whom.ThegirltowhomIspokeismycousin.关系代词引导定语从句时，要注意几点：（1）Whom,which作介词宾语时，介词一般可以放在它们的前面，也可以放在从句原来的位置上，但是如果是固定词组，不能把介词和动词拆开{Thereisaroominwhichyoucanstudy.whichyoustudyin.Roseisthestudentwhomyoushouldlookafter/takecareof.关系代词who,which,that,在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词保持一致。Anyonewho__over20canjointhearmy.I,who____yourfriend,willhelpyou.isam注意：作宾语时关系代词可省。1.Themanwho/ØImettodaytoldmetocomeback.2.Thegirlwhom/ØImetlookslikeLily.3.Sheisthepersonthat/ØIwanttosee.Thepenwhich/Øyoulentmeislost.4.Thebestwork________shewroteand_______Ihavereadwillbemadeintofilm.Awhich;thatBthat;thatCthat;/D/;/1.ThisisourmonitorwhoseEnglishisverygood.2.Iborrowedabookfromthelibrarywhosenameis“WarandPeace”.whose:既可指人也可指物,在定语从句中作定语关系代词の---whoseItisapoordog.Itsheartisbroken.Itisapoordogwhoseheartisbroken.Themanisshoutingforhelp.Hishouseisonfire.Themanwhosehouseisonfireisshoutingforhelp.Thegirlisbeingtakentoahospital.Herlegbrokeintheearthquake.Thegirlwhoselegbrokeintheearthquakeistakentoahospital.Thisisthebookwhosecoverisblue.Thisisthebookofwhichthecoverisblue.Thisisthebookthecoverofwhichisblue.IknowthegirlwhosenameisMary.IknowthegirlofwhomthenameisMary.IknowthegirlthenameofwhomisMary.总结：关系代词的用法成分先行词指人先行词指物主语Doyouknowtheman___________cametoseeXiaoYangthismorning?Icouldn’tfindthebook___________wasboughtyesterday.宾语Heisaman_______________________weshouldalllearnfrom.Thetable_______________youjustsawismadeofplastics.定语Doyouknowtheboy__________parentsareonholiday?I’veneverbeentotheroom____________windowsarebroken.who/thatwhich/thatwho/that/whomwhich/thatwhosewhose/Ø/Ø怎样判断用什么关系代词口诀:前看先行词,辩清人或物后看从句里,有无主宾语关于定语从句的难点,和出错点.1.定语从句的从句部分出现代替的内容.ThisisthebookthatIlikeitbest.2.插入语成分.ThebeggarwhoIthinkispoorisinfactrich.从句部分定语从句中的主谓一致问题.1.Sheisoneofthegirlswho_____praisedatthemeeting.2.Sheistheonlyoneofthegirlswho_____praisedatthemeeting.(be)areis5.在先行词缺少的情况下,要用theone来补充它的先行词,然后确定它的关系词Thisisthefactory___________Iworkedlastyear.Thisfactoryis_________________Iworkedlastyear.Thisfactoryis__________________Ivisitedlastyear.where/inwhichtheonewheretheonethat//6.与其他从句和句式的区别与where和when引导的状语从句的区别.区别的关键就是:是否有先行词.ThisistheschoolwhereIstudiedmanyyearsago.TherewerealotofsheepwhereIlived.IwillneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstwenttoschool.Wewereabouttostartwhenitbegantorain.inwhichonwhich连词;在那里连词;就在那个/就这个时候Let'sdosomeexercise!1.Thegirl____________isstandingne