(12)Unit 6《信息管理与信息系统专业英语》DSS

《信息管理与信息系统专业英语》Unit6—DecisionSupportSystems《SQLServer数据库管理与开发》安徽财贸职业学院计算机系DecisionSupportSystemsInthislesson,wecoverthefollowingarea:VocabularyDifficultandEmphasisDecisiontheoryDecisionmaking《SQLServer数据库管理与开发》安徽财贸职业学院计算机系DecisionSupportSystems词汇1.Decisionmaker/making/theory/supportsystem2.GroupDSS3.Mathematics(math)/management/operationresearch/statistics/psychology/philosophy/physics/chemistry/geometry/linearalgebra/highermathematics/discretemathematics/macro-economic/micro-economic/economics/probabilitytheory/geography/biology/history4.Normative/prescriptive5.Method/model/methodology《SQLServer数据库管理与开发》安徽财贸职业学院计算机系DecisionSupportSystems词汇6.Hypothesis7.Softwarepackage/softwaremodule/softwaremodel(p136)8.expertsystem9.Officeautomationsystem10.Algorithm(decisiontree,supportvectormachine,associationrule,clustering,classification,bayesian)《SQLServer数据库管理与开发》安徽财贸职业学院计算机系DecisionSupportSystems词汇11.Distributedcomputing12.Rationaldecision13.Cost-effective/cost-reduction14.ACMSIGBDPconference(AssociationforComputingMachinery--SpecialInterestGrouponBusinessDataProcessing)15.AI(artificialintelligence)16.Model-drivenDSS《SQLServer数据库管理与开发》安徽财贸职业学院计算机系DecisionSupportSystems词汇17.Informationsystemdesignandoptimizationsystem18.Firmware/groupware/shareware19.Vantagepoint/startingpoint/endpoint20.Sortout21.Computer-aideddecisionsystem22.Paper/dissertation/thesis23.Spreadsheet《SQLServer数据库管理与开发》安徽财贸职业学院计算机系DecisionSupportSystems词汇24.Relationaldatabaseproducts25.Processduration26.Subroutine27.Realestateindustry28.Tradeassociation/associationrule29.Textbookknowledge(p139)30.Fuzzylogic31.Cognitiveprocess《SQLServer数据库管理与开发》安徽财贸职业学院计算机系DecisionSupportSystems--DifficultandEmphasis(难点与重点)TodayitisstillpossibletoreconstructthehistoryofDecisionSupportSystemsfromfirst-handaccounts*andunpublishedmaterialsaswellaspublishedarticles.Accounts=awrittenorspokenreportdescription.对事物报道描述。当今，依据对决策支持系统的一手的报道和未发行及已发行的资料和文章的描述，仍能够勾现出其历史全貌。《SQLServer数据库管理与开发》安徽财贸职业学院计算机系DecisionSupportSystems--DifficultandEmphasis(难点与重点)Thishypertextpaperisastartingpointindocumentingtheoriginsofthevarioustechnologythreads*thatareconverging(集中)atthestartofthe21stCenturytoprovideintegratedsupportformanagersworkingalone,inteamsandinorganizationhierarchiestomanageorganizationsandmakemorerationaldecisions.(p134)《SQLServer数据库管理与开发》安徽财贸职业学院计算机系DecisionSupportSystems--DifficultandEmphasis(难点与重点)ADSSisaninteractive,computer-basedinformationsystemthatprovidesaflexibletoolforanalysisandhelpsmanagersfocusonthefuture（p134）一个决策支持系统是一个互动的，基于计算机的信息系统，它提供了灵活的分析工具来帮助决策者针对未来进行决策。《SQLServer数据库管理与开发》安徽财贸职业学院计算机系DecisionSupportSystems--DifficultandEmphasis(难点与重点)AnExpertSystem(ES),orknowledgesystem,isasetofinteractivecomputerprogramsthathelpsuserssolveproblemsthatwouldotherwiserequiretheassistanceofahumanexpert,whichcostsmore。（p139）(从句译主句)一个专家系统或者知识系统是一整套的计算机互动程序，它能帮助用户解决了需要花费更多的开支来寻求专家才能解决的问题。《SQLServer数据库管理与开发》安徽财贸职业学院计算机系DecisionSupportSystems--DifficultandEmphasis(难点与重点)Decisiontheoryisaninterdisciplinary(跨学科)areaofstudy,relatedtoandofinteresttopractitionersinmathematics,statistics(统计学),economics,philosophy(哲学),managementandpsychology(心理学).(p143)决策理论是一个跨数学、统计学、经济学、哲学、管理学、和心理学学科间的研究领域，同时也是有兴趣于在这些跨学科间进行开拓的开拓者的研究领域。《SQLServer数据库管理与开发》安徽财贸职业学院计算机系DecisionSupportSystems--DifficultandEmphasis(难点与重点)Mostofdecisiontheoryisnormative(标准化的)orprescriptive(规范性的),i.e.itisconcernedwithidentifyingthebestdecisiontotake,assuminganidealdecisionmakerwhoisfullyinformed,abletocomputewithperfectaccuracy,andfullyrational.（p148翻译有问题）大部分决策理论是标准化或者规范化的，即就是：它是假设在知道一切情况的前提下，理想的决策者是能够识别和采取完全合理，相当精确的最佳决策的一门理论。《SQLServer数据库管理与开发》安徽财贸职业学院计算机系DecisionSupportSystems--DecisiontheoryItisconcernedwithhowrealdecision-makersmakedecisions,andwithhowoptimaldecisionscanbereached.现实当中决策者如何进行决策，和决策者如何获得最佳决策的过程是决策理论所关住的重点。《SQLServer数据库管理与开发》安徽财贸职业学院计算机系DecisionSupportSystems--Decisiontheory一．NormativeanddescriptivedecisiontheoryThepracticalapplicationofthisprescriptiveapproach(howpeopleshouldmakedecisions)iscalleddecisionanalysis,andaimedatfindingtools,methodologies(方法论)andsoftwaretohelppeoplemakebetterdecisions.Themostsystematicandcomprehensivesoftwaretoolsdevelopedinthiswayarecalleddecisionsupportsystems.《SQLServer数据库管理与开发》安徽财贸职业学院计算机系DecisionSupportSystems--Decisiontheory一．NormativeanddescriptivedecisiontheorySinceitisobviousthatpeopledonottypically(向来)behaveinoptimalways,thereisalsoarelatedareaofstudy,whichisapositiveordescriptivediscipline(良好或者指导性规范),attemptingtodescribewhatpeoplewillactuallydo.很显然，由于人们的行为方式向来是不规范的，因此存在一个与行为相关的，尝试阐述人们现实中将要做些什么的良好或者指导性规范的研究领域。Sincethenormative,optimaldecisionoftencreateshypotheses(假说)fortestingagainst(依据)actualbehaviour,thetwofieldsarecloselylinked.《SQLServer数据库管理与开发》安徽财贸职业学院计算机系DecisionSupportSystems--Decisiontheory一．NormativeanddescriptivedecisiontheoryFurthermore（also=而且）itispossibletorelax(放宽)theassumptionsofperfectinformation,rationality(合理性)andsoforth(andsoon)invariousways,andproduceaseriesofdifferentprescriptionsorpredictionsaboutbehaviour,allowingforfurthertestsoft