Death_of_a_pig 猪之死

Deathofapig----E.B.WhiteI.BackgroundknowledgeAbouttheauthorE.B.WhiteE(lwyn)B(rooks)White(1899-1985)E.B.WhitewasborninMountVernon,NewYork.---HeleadAmericanessayistandliterarystylistofhistime.---Hewasknownforhiscrisp,graceful,relaxedstyle.Ifyou'veseenthemovie'StuartLittle'thenyou'llprobablyknowthatthefilmwasbasedontheoriginalbook,StuartLittle,writtenbyE.B.White.Mr.WhitelivedonafarminMainewherehekeptanimals,andsomeofthesecreaturesmadetheirwayintohisstoriesandbooks,likeStuartinStuartLittle,orCharlotteinCharlotte'sWeb.Afterall,asE.B.Whitesaid,Ilikeanimals,andmybarnisaverypleasantplacetobe,atallhours!LeadingAmericanessayistandliterarystylistofhistime.Whitewasknownforhiscrisp,graceful,relaxedstyle.NoonecanwriteasentencelikeWhite,JamesThurberoncestated.White'sstoriesrangedfromsatiretochildren'sfiction.Whileheoftenwrotefromtheperspectiveofslightlyironiconlooker,healsowasasensitivespokesmanforthefreedomoftheindividual.•Mr.Whitewasawardedthe1971NationalMedalforLiterature,andin1963,PresidentJohnF.Kennedynamedhimasoneof31AmericanstoreceivethePresidentialMedalforFreedom.Mr.WhitealsoreceivedtheNationalInstituteofArtsandLetters'GoldMedalforEssaysandCriticism,andin1973themembersoftheInstituteelectedhimtotheAmericanAcademyofArtsandLetters,asocietyof50members.Healsoreceivedhonorarydegreesfrom7collegesanduniversities.In1978,WhitewonanhonoraryPulitzerPrizeforhisworkasawhole•总统自由勋章是由美国总统向在科学、文化、体育和社会活动等领域作出杰出贡献的平民颁发的一种勋章，是美国对普通人的最高奖励。•总统自由勋章最早于1945年由杜鲁门总统创立，以表彰那些在二战中有杰出贡献的平民，1963年肯尼迪总统重新推出了这个颁奖活动，修改为授予在和平时期有杰出贡献的平民。•普利策奖,也称为普利策新闻奖,是1917年根据美国报业巨头、匈牙利裔美国人约瑟夫·普利策的遗愿设立的奖项。七、八十年代已经发展成为美国新闻界的一项最高荣誉奖，现在，不断完善的评选制度已使普利策奖被视为全球性的一个奖项。1.ISSEXNECESSARY?,1929(collaborationwithJamesThurber)2.THELADYISCOLD,19283.HEREISNEWYORK,19494.CHARLOTTE'SWEB,19525.StuartLittle,19456.THESECONDTREEFROM7.THECORNER,19548.THEPOINTSOFMYCOMPASS,19629.THEWILDFLAG,194610.THEELEMENTSOFSTYLE,1959(withWilliamStrung,Jr.)11.THETRUMPETOFTHESWAN,197012.POEMSANDSKETCHESOFE.B.WHITE,1981Selectedworks:Thefamous1947essaywasinspiredbyauthor’sownexperience—thedeathofayoungpig.E.B.Whiterecordedthelastfewdayshespentwithhispig.Thepainandsufferingofthepigmadetheauthorthinkofthefateofmanandtheinsecure,sufferingworld.Hewrote,“thepig’simbalancebecametheman’svicariously,andlifeseemsinsecure,displaced,transitory.”Whenthepigdied,Whitefeltnotlossofham,butthelossofpigbecauseit“hadsufferedinasufferingworld.”Intheessay,Whiteisnotmerelyportrayingatragicscene;heisconveyinganimportantmessage.Tohim,timemaybecircularfortheseason,theweather,andhumannature,butforhumans,oranimalsinthiscase,timeispainfullyone-directional.ThisisprobablywhydeathhasbeenaconstantthemeinWhite’swriting.Whilereadingthisessay,becauseofWhite’sexcellentdescription,wearetouchedbythepainsofthepigandtheworriesoftheauthor.Weforgetwearereadingaboutananimal,butwecometoseethepigasafriend,achild,abelovedone,andrethinkabouttherelationshipbetweenanimalsandhumanbeings.OutlineTheoutlineofthetextPartI（para.1-14）:IboughtapiginthemidSeptemberandInoticedsomethingwrongwiththepig.①(para.1-3):usingthebackshiftwayofdescriptiontotellmypigdiedandmyfeelingtowardsit.②(para.4-14)withthetimesequence,theauthordescribedhowtheytreatedthesickpigafternoticingitwasill.PartII(para.15-35)MypigwassuspectedtogotafataldiseaseandthecomingofDoctorMcFarland.①(para.15-30)Iphonedthedoctorandthedoctorsuspectedthaterysipelashastobeconsidered.②(pp31-35)thedoctor’sexaminationofthepigandmyfeelingofrelief.PartIII(para.36-41)Thedeathofmypigandhisburial.①(para.36-37)Mypig’slastactivitiesandfinaldeath②(para.39-40)Mypig’sburialTheChangesoftheAuthor’sFeelingTime:1stday,4:00pmEvent:thepigrefusedsupperFeeling:achillwaveoffearRole:butcherTime:1stday,afternoonEvent:inquirywithMr.DameronFeeling:Idelayedtotakemeasures,refusedtorecognizethefailure,andwantednointerruptionofthescheme.Role:butcherTime:1stday,after5:00Event:Iperformedamateurishmedicaltreatmenttothepig.Feeling:Ihadsympathywiththepigforhisstruggleandsuffering,andwantedtobringhimreliefandrecovery.Role:physicianTime:2nddayEvent:ItriedtofeedthepigbutfailedFeeling:Depressedalthough,Ididn’tsupposethepigwoulddie.Thepig’simbalancebecometheman’s,vicariously,andlifeseemedinsecure,displacedandtransitory.Role:friendTime:2ndday.Event:aftergivingthepigmoreenemaFeeling:There’snochanceofresumingoneoflife’smorestereotypedroles.Thepig’slotandminewereinextricablybound,asiftherubbertubewasthesilvercord.Thepig’ssufferingbecometheembodimentofallearthlywretchedness.Role:thepigwasmychildTime:2ndday,theendoftheafternoonEvent:IinquiredwiththeveterinaryFeeling:Iwasscaredtobeinfectedbymypig.Whatcouldbetrueofmypigcouldbetruealsooftherestofthetidyworld.Ihavedeepersympathyforthepig.Role:familyTime:2ndday,eveningEvent:DoctorMcFarlandperformedmedicaltreatmentforthepig.Feeling:Iwasrelievedbyturningoverpartoftheresponsibilitytoalicenseddoctor,butIhadpresentimentthatthepigwoulddie.Role:familyTime:3rdor4thdayEvent:deathofmypigFeeling:Icriedinternally—deephemorrhagicintears.WhenIslidthebodyintothegrave,Iwasshakentothecore.Theloss