73发音教学---48个国际音标

1.什么是国际音标？由于英语的拼写形式和读音有很大的分歧,所以无法完全根据字母来读音。为了精确地学习和掌握语音,就要借助一种注音手段来弥补这一缺陷,于是便产生了一定数量的精确记录语音的符号，叫做“音符”(Phoneticsymbols)。国际音标（旧称万国音符）是国际语音学协会（IPA---InternationalPhoneticAssociation)于1888年拟定的一套为各国语言注音的语音符号。我们这里所说的国际音标是专门为英语注音的那一部分标音符号。目前我国通用的国际音标共有48个,其中,元音音标20个，辅音音标28个。英语元音(Englishvowels)英语元音音素共20个。分单元音和双元音两大类。a.前元音：/i:/,/i/,/e/,/æ/c.中元音：/ә:/,/ә/,/Λ/b.后元音：/ɑ:/,/ɔ/,/ɔ:/,/u/,/u:/a.合口双元音：/ei/,/әu/,/ai/,/au/,/ɔi/b.集中双元音：/iә/,/εә/,/uә/单元音的分类双元音的分类1、/i://i//i:/长元音，嘴唇微微张开，舌尖抵下齿，嘴角向两边张开，流露出微笑表情，与字母E发音相同。eg:pea（豌豆）,bee（蜜蜂）,eat（吃）,beat(敲打),deep(深的)/I/短元音，嘴唇微微张开，舌尖抵下齿，舌前部抬高，嘴形扁平，干脆利落。开口度比[i:]大eg:bit（少量）,tip（顶端）,fit(合适的)，sit(坐)2、/e//æ//e/短元音，嘴形扁平，舌尖抵下齿，舌前部稍抬起，嘴形扁平，上下齿之间距离为小指的宽度。eg:egg(鸡蛋)，get(到达)，send(送)/æ/短元音，嘴张大，舌尖抵下齿，嘴角尽量拉向两边，成扁平形。嘴要故意张很大，上下齿之间可容纳食指和中指的宽度。eg:fat(肥的)，bag(包)，fact(事实)前元音•/i:/feelheat热leap跳•/i/fillhitlip嘴唇前元音练习beedeeptaskbilldigtestGiveme/i:/abeefsteak/steik/,peas,andbeer,please.Catchthatmadblackcat．Thankyouforthestamp．Betterlatethannever.(迟做总比不做好)Bettertodowellthantosaywell.(口说不如实干)Afriendinneedisafriendindeed（患难之交才是真朋友）Don’tletthecatoutofthebag.(勿泄漏机密)•/e/bedlenddeadmethead•/æ/badlanddadmaphat[i:]emeweheequalsceneeeseeindeedbreezesucceedeaeatbeatneatrealdefeatieyieldpiecefieldbelievepronunciationruleseiseizereceiveceilingipoliceskimachineeopeopleeykey[i:]iitfitpigmisskissfillpicnicycityprettybusysixtyeprettyEnglishEnglandeecoffeecommittee[i]eymoneyvalleyiecarriedworriedladiesavillageowomen[i]ubusyuibuildguiltcoffeecommittee[i]echeckentergentleaccepteaspreadbreadweatheriefriendaanymany[e]aisaidaysaysubury[e]a[æ]catmapfathatmadbackgascatchmatchfacthappymarrystampactadaptattractivenational3、/ə://ə//ʌ//ә:/长元音，嘴形扁平，上下齿微微张开，舌身放平，舌中部稍抬起。注意长度不要太短。eg:girl(女孩)，first(第一)，work(工作)/ә/短元音，嘴唇微微张开，舌身放平，双唇扁平，舌中部稍微抬起，口腔自然放松发声。eg:forget(忘记)，dollar(美元)，power(势力)/ʌ/短元音，嘴唇微微张开伸向两边，舌尖轻触下齿，唇形稍扁，唇后部稍稍抬起，开口度较大。eg:color(颜色)，lucky(幸运的)，love(爱)中元音/ә://ә//Λ/•earth[ә:θ]•search[sә:tʃ]•bird[bә:d]•church[tʃә:tʃ]•come[kʌm]touch[tʌtʃ]•some[sʌm]rough[rʌf]•another[əˈnʌðə]•order['ɔ:də]•method['meθəd]•doctor['dɒktə]Myyoungerbrotherisadoctor．Givemesomebutterandsugar．Wewillhaveaget-togetheraftersupper．aagreeaheadadmireattendadventurearcalendarpolareranotherordergatheromethodEuropesecond[ә]orlaborbehavioractordoctorourcolo(u)roufamousursurprisesurvive[ә]urefeatureLecturemeasure[ә]urturnfurchurchfurniturefurtherorwordworthworstworkourjourneyirbirdbirthdaythirstystirerserveemergencydeserteddetermineearearthheardsearchocomecompassgovernmentoofloodbloodusunadultculturecustomoutouchtroublecoupledouble[∧]4、/ɑ://ɔ://ɔ//ɑ:/长元音，口腔打开，嘴张大，舌身放平压低并后缩，舌尖不抵下齿，双唇稍收圆。eg:car(小汽车)，art(艺术)，bath(洗澡)/ɔ:/长元音，双唇收得小而圆，并向前突出，舌身往后缩。eg:sort(种类)，talk(谈话)，ball(舞会),your(你们的)/ɔ/短元音，口腔打开，嘴张大，舌向后缩，双唇稍收圆。开口度比[ɔ:]大。eg:fond(喜欢的)，lock(锁)，hot(热的)5、/u://u//u:/长元音，双唇收圆并突出，舌头尽量后缩。发音要够长eg:move(移动)，spoon(汤勺)，room(房间)/u/短元音，双唇收圆，稍突出，发音短促并放松。eg:good(好的)，could(能够)，should(应该)后元音•/ɔ:/allfallhall•/u:/goose鹅foodloose松的•/ɑ:/calm后元音练习•Alargearmymarchedpastthefarmyard．•It’shardtoseeanystarsinthedarksky．•Theclockisstopped,it’snotlong．•Losttimeisneverfoundagain．•Whosaidthesoupwastoocool?•Asarule,theskiesareblueinJune．•Helookslikeagoodcook．•ItookmybookandlookedatitaslongasIcould．•/ɔ/bossfoxhot•/u/goodfootlookapassglassdemandadvanceararmgardensmartharmfulauauntlaugh[ɑ:]earheartalcalmhalf[ɑ:]awsawlawdraworaccordingforceborncornoabroadboardouboughtbroughtcourse[ɔ:]autaughtcaughtnaughtfaultoodoorflooralallballtalksmallwalk[ɔ:]oremorestorebeforeexplorearwarwarmwarnawatersaltalsofalse[ɔ:]oofferblockcollegepossibleoucoughowknowledge[ɔ]asoftsongacoffeeshopcostalot[ɔ]owhodolosemovementoofoolspooncooltoothchooseurudepollutionJunerevolutionaryewthrew[u:]uebluecrueltytrueoeshoeuifruitruinjuice[u:]uputpushpullbushhelpfulbulletcarefulowomanlosewhoseoogoodwoodbookwoolenfootballoulcouldshouldwould[u]6、/eɪ//aɪ//əu//eɪ/由/e/和/ɪ/两个单音组成，前重后轻，口形由半开到合，与字母A发音相同。eg:same(相同的)，late(迟到的)，cake(蛋糕)/aɪ/由/a/和/ɪ/两个单音组成，前重后轻，口形由开到合，与字母I的发音相同。eg:life(生活)，kind(亲切的)，like(喜欢)/әu/由/ә/和/u/两个单音组成，/әu/的发音也是一个过程，口形由半开到小，与字母O的发音相同。eg:show(展示)，know(知道)，go(去)atakecasebehaveablelatestaiwaitraintrainraisegrainaymaywayplaystayeabreakgreat[ei]eieightneighborreigneytheygrey[ei]inicelikewifeadvicewisetidyhighfightbrighteiheightymybywhytypetrysatisfyfryuybuy[ai]onohomenoticebonedevoteherooaroadboatcoatcoachousoulshoulderthoughalthoughowknowbowlslowlowflowfollowowe[әu]7、/au//ɔɪ//au/由/a/和/u/两个单音组成，前重后轻，口形由大到小。eg:house(房子)，shout(叫喊)，town(城镇)/ɔɪ/由/ɔ/和/ɪ/两个单音组成，前重后轻，双唇由圆到扁，口形从开到合。eg:joy(欢乐)，noise(噪音)，enjoy(享受)ouloudhouseshoutsouthoutermouthaboutow[au]nowhowtowntoweroytoyboyloyaloi[ɔɪ]noisevoicepointsoilcoinoil8、/ɪə//eə//uə//ɪә/由/ɪ/和/ә/两个单音组成，前重后轻，双唇始终半开。eg:dear(亲爱的)，beer(啤酒)，hear(听到)/eә/由/e/和/ә/两个单音组成，前重后轻，舌端抵下齿，双唇半开。eg:care(关心)，share(分享)，bear(熊)/uә/由/u/和/ә/两个单音组成，前重后轻，嘴唇由收圆到半开。eg:sure(确信的)，cure(治愈)eerbeerdeercheerearhearnearfearteardearclearereheresincere[ɪə]airhairfairairchairearbearswearteararedarecaresharehareeretherewhere[eə]Wherethere’sawill,there’saway.oorpoormoorureluresurepurecureourtour[uə]a.爆破音/p/,/b/,/t／,/d/,/k/,/ɡ/b.摩擦音/f/，/v/，/s/，/z/,/θ/，/ð/，/ʃ