Unit-5-The-Tapestry-of-Friendship课文翻译综合教程四

Unit5TheTapestryofFriendshipEllenGoodman1Itwas,inmanyways,aslightmovie.Nothingactuallyhappened.Therewasnobig-budgetchasescene,nobloodyshoot-out.Thestoryendedwithoutanycosmicconclusions.2YetshefoundClaudiaWeill’sfilmGirlfriendgentleandaffecting.Slowly,itpannedacrossthetapestryoffriendship–showingitsfragility,itsresiliency,itsroleastheconnectingtissuebetweenthelivesoftwoyoungwomen.3Whenitwasover,shethoughtaboutthemoviesshehadseenthisyear–Julia，TheTurningPointandnowGirlfriends.Itseemedthatthepeculiareye,thesociallensofthecinema,haddrasticallyshifteditsfocus.SuddenlytheMaleBuddymovieshadbeenreplacedbytheFemaleFriendshipflicks.4Thiswasn’tjustanotherbingeoftrendiness,butakindofcinemavérité.Foroncethemovieswerereflectingashift,notjustfrommentowomenbutfromonedefinitionoffriendshiptoanother.5Acrossmillionsofmilesofcelluloid,theidealoffriendshiphadalwaysbeenmale–aworldofsidekicksand“partners”ofButchCassidysandSundanceKids.Therehadbeensomethingalmostatavisticaboutthesevisionsofattachments–asifproducersculledtheirplotsfromsomepopanthropologybookonmalebonding.Moviesportrayedtheideathatonlymen,thosedirectdescendantsofhuntersandHemingways,inheritedaprimalcapacityforfriendship.Incontrast,theyportrayedwomenpickingoneachother,thewaytheyoncepickedberries.6Well,thatdualitymusthavebeenmortallywoundedinsomeshootoutattheYou’reOK,I’mOKCorral.Now,onthescreen,theywereatleastawareofthesubtledistinctionbetweenmenandwomenasbuddiesandfriends.7About150yearsago,Coleridgehadwritten,“Awoman’sfriendshipbordersmorecloselyonlovethanman’s.Menaffecteachotherinthereflectionofnobleorfriendlyacts,whilstwomenaskfewerproofsandmoresignsandexpressionsofattachment.”8Well,shethought,onthewhole,menhadbuddies,whilewomenhadfriends.Buddiesbonded,butfriendsloved.Buddiesfacedadversitytogether,butfriendsfacedeachother.Therewassomethingpalpablydifferentinthewaytheyspenttheirtime.Buddiesseemedto“do”thingstogether;friendssimply“were”together.9Buddiescamelinked,likeaccessories,tooneactivityoranother.Peoplehavegolfbuddiesandbusinessbuddies,collegebuddiesandclubbuddies.Menoftenkeeptheirbuddiesinthesecategories,whilewomenkeepaspecialcategoryforfriends.10Amanoncetoldherthatmenweren’trealbuddiesuntiltheyhadbeen“throughthewars”together–corporateorathleticormilitary.Theyhadtosoldiertogether,hesaid.Women,ontheotherhand,didn’tcountthemselvesasfriendsuntiltheyhadsharedthreeloathsomeconfidences.11Buddieshangtoughtogether;friendshangontoeachother.12Itprobablyhadsomethingtodowithpride.Youdon’tshowofftoafriend;youshowneed.Buddiestrytokeeptheworstfromeachother;friendsconfessit.13Afriendofhersoncetelephonedherlover,justtofindoutifhewashome.Shehungupwithoutahellowhenhepickedupthephone.Later,wretchedwithembarrassment,thefriendmoaned,“Canyoubelieveme?Athirty-five-year-oldlawyer,makingachickencall?”Togethertheylaughedandmadeitbetter.14Buddiesseekapproval.Butfriendsseekacceptance.15Sheknewsomanymenwhohadbeentrainedinrestraint,afraidofeachother’sjudgmentorawkwardwitheachother’saffection.Shewasn’tsurewhich.Likebuddiesinthemovies,theywoulddieforeachother,butneverhugeachother.16ShehadrereadBabbittrecently,thatextraordinarycatalogueofmalegrievances.TheonlyrelationshipthatgavemeaningtotheclaustrophobiclifeofGeorgeBabbitthadbeenwithPaulRiesling.Butnotonceinthetragedyoftheirliveshadonebeenabletosaytotheother:Youmakeadifference.17Evennowmenshockedherattimeswiththeirdescriptionoffriendship.Doesthisonehaveabestfriend?“Why,ofcourse,weseeeachothereveryFebruary.”Doesthatonecallhismostintimatepallongdistance?“Why,certainly,wheneverthere’sarealreason.”Dothosetwooldchumseverhavedinnertogether?“Youmeanalone?Withoutourwives?”18Yet,thingswerechanging.Theidealofintimacywasn’tthisparallelplaymate,thisteammate,thistrenchmate.NoteveninHollywood.Inthedoublestandardoffriendship,foroncethefemaleversionwasbecomingacceptedasthegeneralideal.19Afterall,abuddyisafinelife-companion.Butone’sfriends,asSantayanaoncewrote,“arethatpartoftheracewithwhichonecanbehuman.”友谊面面观埃伦·古德曼1从多方面看来，这是一部不足挂齿的小制作电影。平淡无奇。没有大成本制作的追逐画面，没有血腥的枪战。故事结尾也没得出什么意味深长的结论。2然而她还是觉得克劳迪娅·韦尔的电影《女朋友》温婉动人。它缓缓地向我们展现了友谊的全貌——它的脆弱、生命力，以及它连接两个年轻女子人生的纽带作用。3电影放完了，她回想起这一年看过的几部电影——《茱莉亚》、《转折点》，还有现在这部《女朋友》。似乎电影作品镜头这一特殊视角已经大大改变了聚焦对象。一转眼哥俩好的电影已经被反映闺蜜友谊的影片所替代。4这并不仅仅是另一场时尚狂欢，而是一种实录电影的潮流。就这一次电影反映一种转向，不只是从男性转向女性，而是从友谊的一种定义转为另一种定义。5纵观数百万英里长的电影胶片，友谊的理想主角总是男性——满世界都是类似布奇·卡西迪斯及其铁哥们山丹思·基德斯这样的密友、同伴的故事。这些形影不离的银幕形象似乎是来自远古社会——故事情节好像是制片人从诠释男性间密切关系的人类学通俗读物里选取出来似的。影片诠释了一个观点，即只有男性——那些猎人和海明威式硬汉的传人——才继承了对于友谊的原始的能力。相反，女人们总是被描绘成互相挑刺，就好像她们从前挑选浆果那样。6哦，那种两面性在OK牧场枪战中一定已经受了致命的枪伤了。现在，在银幕上，他们至少意识到男人作为哥们、女人作为闺蜜的微妙区别。7大约150年前，柯勒律治写道：“比起男性，女性的友谊更接近爱恋。男性之间相互影响体现在崇高或友善的举动中，而女性不需要这么多实实在在的例证，却需要更多依恋之情的外在表露。”8好吧，她想，总体来说，男人有哥们，女人有闺蜜。哥们相互关联，闺蜜互相喜爱。哥们共同面对逆境，但闺蜜直面彼此。显然，两者共度时光的方式互不相同。哥们似乎一起“做”事，闺蜜只不过“在”一起。9哥们像同伙一样靠各种活动联系在一起。人们有一起打高尔夫的哥们，有商场上的哥们，大学时的哥们和俱乐部的哥们。男人经常按这些类别给哥们归类，而女人们把闺蜜专门归类。10一个男人曾经告诉她男人不会成为真正的哥们，除非他们曾经“并肩作战”——在商场上，运动场上，或是战场上。他说，他们得在一起当兵打仗才成。另一方面，女人们除非共享了3个讨人嫌的秘密之后才视彼此为闺蜜。11哥们在一起共渡难关，闺蜜则相互依赖。12或许这和自尊有点关系。对一个闺蜜，你不会炫耀，你只会告之你的需要。哥们互相把最糟糕的情况藏着掖着，闺蜜会互相倾诉痛苦。13她一个闺蜜有一次给情人打电话，就是想确认他是否在家。他刚把电话接起来她就挂了。事后，这个朋友觉