11煤的清洁利用技术的现状与发展

39(2010)5http:PP().,,,;,,;,,,.3­(100084),,()(CFBC)(IGCC).,:()+;()(CCS),,.(CCT),()(USC),(CFBC),(IGCC),(CCS)ThepresentandfutureofcleancoaltechnologyCHENChang2He­WANGShu2JuanZHUOYu2QunZHAOBoLIYanXUXu2Chang(KeyLaboratoryforThermalScienceandPowerEngineeringofMinistryofEducation,TsinghuaUniversity,Beijing100084,China)AbstractBasedontheprimaryenergycharacteristicsofChina,thecurrentstatusandfuturedevelop2mentofcleancoaltechnologies,includinglarge2scaleultra2super2critical(USC)powergenerators,fluegascleaning,circulatingfluidized2bedcombustion(CFBC),integratedgasificationcombinedcycle(IGCC)technology,andcoalwashingareanalyzedindetails.Itcanbeconcludedthat,intheshortterm,USCgenerationwithfluegascleaningandCFBCwillbethetwomajorcleancoaltechnologiesinChina.Howev2er,IGCC,oxy2fuelcombustion(especiallypressurizedoxy2fuelcombustion),andCO2captureandstorageareofgreatpotentialandareworthdevelopinginthelongterm.Keywordscleancoaltechnology,ultra2super2criticalgenerator,circulatingfluidized2bedcombustion,integratedgasificationcombinedcycle,CO2captureandstorage3(2008)(2008)2009-06-17­.Email:[e-mail]103http:PP(2010)513050,.,,80%,50%;20102616[1].:.,,,,.,.20012020[1]1.2008,79253,10.34%.60132,75.87%,8.15%,13.4,4.05%[2].1:.,(CO2)(SO2)(NOx),SO2NOx,,.,.,1620,1880.,2020,SO2NOx40003500,.,2008[3],,100,15,30.2020,,30510.,.,,,.,:,CO2(CCS),(CFBC),(IGCC),.22.12.1.1(),,().,,().,.1000MW20[2].2060,.10,,,.,7001000MW.,1020.2000,2006,4030000MW20339(2010)5http:PP()150.():,,,,;,,,;3031MPa.2.1.2,99%,(SO2)(NOx)(CCS).2.2(1)SO22005,SO22549,,200027%.SO2SO252%,200058%[1].30,,80%-.300MW-,100300MW,.-:,(95%),,,,(90%).:,,,,,.(2)NOx,NOx60%.2000,NOx469,2006NOx850,200081.2%.,NOx:NOx,NOx.NOx;,(SCR)(SNCR)NOx.NOx2080,.NOx,NOx.SCR1950,.:,,NOxN2H2O.,,,,,,,.;;NH3O2N2O(N2O).SNCR,NH3,NOxN2H2O.SNCR,,.(3)CO2(CCS)CO2CO2(CCS)CO2.,CO2:,3.3CO2CO2.,,CO2H2,CO2H2.IGCC.,303http:PP(2010)5,CO2,CO2.,..CO2,.CO2,CO2,.,CO2,CO2CO2,CO2()CO2.CO2(EOR),.2.2(CFBC),.,,.,,,,,.,600MW.250MW700t/hCFBC,90.5%,93%,NOx250mg/Nm3.300MW,95%;NOx1/2;99.6%;[3].,,8300MW.,(CFB),SO2NOx,,,,.[4]:(1),,;(2);(3),,,;(4);(5);(6)N2O.N2O,.2.3(IGCC),,IGCC.2080,IGCC30,440MW,900MW1000MW.IGCC,[57]:(1).();(2),45%,5%;(3).10mg/m3,,,NOxSO290%;(4),50%70%;(5);(6)CO2.IGCC,COCO2,CO2,.,IGCC[2]:(1)IGCC10,,,CCS,CO2;(2),(14001700/kWh),,IGCC300600MW,;(3);(4);(5).IGCC,,,10%12%;(6),.2.440339(2010)5http:PP:,,.:30%,(55%95%)[8],;,.3,,()+,()+,+CO2,.3.1()+,,,,.2030.76035MPa750MW,45%(),230240g/kWh;,47%,1/4[9].,()CO2,,:CO2CO2.3.2()+,CO2,CO2,.,,.4.41500MW()/MW/MW/(%)/(%)/(%)4535008938343265008938233775009741301,2%7%,4%11%,,,;CO2,.,O2/CO2,.3.3(CFBC),.,.,.,,600MW,600MW.600MW,.:(1),(FGD)50%,FGD;(2),NOx200mg/m3,NOx;(3)IGCC,.3.4(IGCC)+CO2IGCCCO2,.200820503http:PP(2010)5200400MWIGCC.IGCC+CO2,CO2(CCS),,90%CO2,.,CCS,CO2IGCC,,CO2.CCS,IGCC(USCPC),CCS,IGCCUS2CPC,CCS.4(1),()+,,.(2),.(3).,.(4)CO2,CO2CO2,CO2.[1]..,,2007,10[HuangQL.TheNowandFutureofCoal2firedElectricityGenerationTechnologyinChina.TheWorkshopofCleanFossilFuelEnergy.Xi’an,Oct.2007(inChinese)][2]...:,2008.[YanWP.CleanCoalPowerGenerationTechnology.Beijing:ChinaElectricPowerPress,2008(inChinese)][3]:300MWCFB200,,8(20),2008.[EngineeringNews:China2made300MWCFBBoilerConsecutivelyOperated200Days.CirculatingFluidizedBed,8(20),2008(inChinese)][4],..:,1995[LiuDC,YanWP.FluidizedBedCombustionTech2nology.Beijing:WaterResourcesandElectricPowerPress,1995(inChinese)][5].2.:,1996[JiaoSJ.IntegratedGasificationCombinedCycle.Beijing:ChinaElectricPowerPress.1996(inChinese)][6].-.:,1995[ZhongSM.CombinedGas2SteamCyclePowerGener2ation.Beijing:WaterResourcesandElectricPowerPress,1995(inChinese)][7].-.:,2007.[InstituteofPowerMechanicsandEngineering,DepartmentofThermalEngineering,TsinghuaUniversity.GasTurbineandGas2SteamCombinedCyclePlant.Beijing:ChinaElectricPowerPress,2007(inChinese)][8].,2006,12(6):55.[WangCS.CoalPrepa2rationTechnology,2006,12(6):55(inChinese)][9]..:,2007[FanQG.Ultra2supercriticalandSubcriticalBoilerPa2rameters.Beijing:ChinaElectricPowerPress,2007(inChi2nese)],(,,)3d,,,,,,,.,.,,,,.,0.5V/!,30%,,NatureNanotechnology,2009(4):158,..()603