常用地质学英语词汇

272.GEOLOGY地质2.1LITHOLOGYCASSIFICATIONANDDESCRIPTIONORDER岩性分类与描述顺序2.1.1RockTypes岩石类型SediSedimentry沉积岩clasclastic碎屑岩sssandstone砂岩mdstmudstone泥岩shshale页岩clyst,clstclaystone粘土岩sdsand砂mSsdmediumsandstone中砂岩fsstfinesandstone细砂岩bldrboulder卵石pblpebble卵石grlgravel砾石cglconglomerate砾岩gywkgraywacke硬砂岩cblcobble大鹅卵石arkarkose长石砂岩grnlgranule粒砂brecbreccic角砾岩biocbioclastic生物碎屑岩vcrssstverycoarsesandstone极粗砂岩arglargillite泥板岩gypgypsum石膏anhyanhydrite硬石膏sltsalt盐岩flint-lingite隧石carbonate碳酸盐岩lslimestone灰岩，石灰岩dolodolomite白云石dolstdolostone白云岩mrlsmarlstone泥灰石coqcoquina贝壳灰岩biospbiosparte生物亮晶灰岩biomibiomicrite生物微晶灰岩clcarcalcarenite灰屑岩，钙屑灰岩28clcltcalcilutite泥屑石灰岩micrmicrite微晶灰岩clcrdcalcirudite砾屑石灰岩clsltcalcisilitite粉砂屑石灰岩grstgrainstone粒状灰岩ooliticlimestone鲕状灰岩IgneousRock火成岩intrusiveigneous侵入岩extrusiveigneous喷出岩volccolcanic火山岩grtgranite花岗岩drdiorite闪长岩grdrgranodiorite花岗闪长岩qudrquartzdiorite石英闪长岩drpodioriteporphyrite闪长玢岩syenite正长岩gab,gbgabbro辉长岩qupoquartzporphyrite石英玢岩anandesite安山岩basbasalt玄武岩aragaragonite纹石，霞石MetaMetsmorphicrock变质岩phylphyllite千枚岩slslate板岩schschist片岩mblmarble大理岩gnegneiss片麻岩qtztquartzite石英岩novacnovaculite致密石英岩2.1.2COLColor,Colour颜色blkblack黑色brnbrown棕色yelyellow黄色gy,grygrey灰色ororange橙色，桔色blblue蓝色gn,grngreen绿色wi,whtwhite白色pnkpink粉红色plpurple紫色29lavlavender浅紫色，淡紫色bfbuff浅黄色tntan棕黄色chocchocolate褐色ochochve褐色，黄褐色olvolive橄榄色crmcream奶油色mottmotted杂色，斑点voclvaricoloree杂色的ambamber琥珀色ltlight淡的dk,drkdark暗的cccolorcode颜色代码2.1.3Hardness硬度VHDveryhard非常硬MHDmiddlehard中硬Hhard硬SFTsoft软VSFTverysoft非常软2.1.4Roundness磨圆sharpangular尖棱状angleangular棱角状subanglesubangular次棱角状subrndsubround次圆状rndround圆状wellround磨圆好2.1.5GrainSizeTerminology颗粒大小术语(seeapp.Table)（见附表）2.1.6Sorting分选gogood好ffair一般mdmedium中等prpoor差ccoarsely粗造2.1.7Cementation胶结，胶结物30cpcompact胶结致密dnsdense胶结密实wellwell胶结好lseloose胶结疏松sdyaresandyarenaceous砂质sdysandy砂质mdyaremudyargillaceous泥质ethyearthy泥质clyclay粘土质cal,calccalcarous钙质sisiliceous硅质limlimy灰质kaokaolin高岭土质carbcarbonaceous碳质的qtzcquartzitic石英质quartzizose石英质的nacnacreous珍珠质2.1.8AccessoriesofRock岩石的次要成分minmineral矿物accessarymineral次生矿物qz,qtzquartz石英mic,micamicaceous云母muscmuscovite白云母biotbiotite黑云母srctsericite绢云母fldfeldspar长石orthorthpclase正长石plagplagioclase斜长石gabgabbro辉长石pypyrite黄铁矿lmtlimonite褐铁矿magmagnetite磁铁矿calccalcite方解石doldolomite白云石gypgypsum石膏anhyanhydite无水石膏sasalt盐asphasphalt沥青bitbitumen沥青gilgilsomite天然沥青flntflint黑燧石，电石31chtchert黑硅石chkchalk白垩fosfossils化石micfomicrofossil微化石macfomacrofossil大化石plfosplantfossil植物化石vrtbvertebrate脊椎动物ancientlife古生物faufauna动物群floflora植物群spo,sprspore孢子，孢粉tritrilobite三叶虫corcoral珊瑚shlshell贝壳ammammonite菊石algalgae藻类diatdiatoms硅藻charcharophyte轮藻类grapgraptolite笔石类ostostracod介形虫（节肢动物）paraparaparchites介形虫conoconodont牙形虫crincrinoid海百合TentTentaculities竹节石属mollmollusc软体动物EchEchinoid海胆类（棘皮动物）BryBryozoa苔藓动物门CephCephalipod头足纲（软体类）BelmBelmnifera箭石属（头足类）BrachBrachinopoda腕足类（动物门）CypCypridopsis斗星介属（介形类）foramforaminifera有孔虫类EndoEndothgra内卷虫属（有孔虫类）GlobGlobigerina抱球虫属（有孔虫类）GastGasttropod腹足纲（软体动物）FusFusulinicl纺锤蜓2.1.9DepositionalDistinguishingFeature沉积识别特征sedimentarystructure沉积构造bddbeded层状的bnddbanded层状的bandband夹层32xlamcrosslaminated交错层理xbddcrossbeded交错层intbddinterbeded互层的，夹层的crnkcrinkled褶皱contcontact接触，界面unconfunconformity不整合confconformity整合crevcrevive裂隙concconcretion结核，含有物nodnodules结核。团块vesvesicular多孔状lumpylumpy块状conchconchoidal贝壳状grangranular颗粒状slkysilky丝状glglassy玻璃状fibfibrous纤维状glblrglobular球状xlcrystal结晶xlncrystalline结晶体2.1.10Others其它porosity孔隙度gdgood15%好fair10～15%中等poor5～10%较差traceless5%微小fissibity解理，可劈性clvgclesvage解理，劈理crystalorgrainsize晶体形状与颗粒大小texture结构lstrlustre光泽silky丝绢光泽swellingproperties膨胀度，膨胀性solubiling吸水性accessorymineral次生矿2.1.11ExaminationforHydrocarbonShows油气显示鉴定hydrocarbonindication油气显示oilshowdescription油气显示描述fluorescenceobservation荧光观察dirfluodirectfluorescence湿照33samplefluorescence干照cutfluocuttingfluorescence滴照solventfluorescence浸泡照射nofluonofluorescence无荧光显示microtrace显示相当微弱trace微弱present有，中等important强veryimportant很强bribright明亮2.2THEEXAMPLESOFLITHOLOGYDESCRIPTION岩性描述范例2.2.1Noncarbonate,clastic非碳酸盐岩，碎屑岩Iftherepresentativesamplesfromthesieverhavebeenselectedandthepercentageofthevariousconstituentshavebeenestimated,thenthelogicalorderofthesampledescriptionis:如果从筛子中已选出具有代表性的岩样，而且该岩样的各组份含量已估计出，那么该岩样的描述顺序则为：1,ROCKTYPE岩性，岩石类别2,COLOR颜色3,HARDNESS硬度（硬化作用）Thecommonadjectivesdescribingindurationare:硬化作用一般的形容描述内容是：densehardmedium-hardsoftspongy密集的，硬的，中等坚硬，软的，多孔的friablecompactbrittleslatey松散的致密的脆的板状的4,GRAINSIZE颗粒大小seetofigure2,1.5（见图表2，1，5）5,GRAINSHAPE颗粒形状Theonlyfivegeneralclassesareconsideredanddefinedasfollowing:唯一可考虑的五种一般类别为：sharpangularsubangularroundedwellrounded尖棱状棱角状次棱角状磨圆状好的磨圆状6,SORTING分选作用7,LUSTER光泽Thecommonusedtermsofthelusterare:关于光泽一般常使用的词组有：coatedpittedfrosteddeeplyetchedfrostysilky覆盖物坑状物霜状表面深度侵蚀霜状的丝绢光泽34oilyvitreousglassyshinytranslucentearthy油脂光泽透明的玻璃的发亮的半透明的泥土状waxysootyveletysoapyresinous蜡状的乌黑色天鹅绒状肥皂状树脂状8,CEMENTATION胶结，胶结物calcitedolomitesulfatesironoxidessilicapyriteclayssilts方解石白云石硫酸盐氧化铁硅质黄铁矿粘土粉砂siderite菱铁矿9,STRUCTURE构造Thestructureofsandstonerefersto:砂岩的构造一般是指：laminationsfracturesfracturespatternsbandingnodular纹理裂缝裂缝形式条纹结核状Th