汽车专业英语(第4章)《汽车专业英语 》王锦俞主编

汽车专业英语Unit4Transmissionsystem第四单元传动系4-1TransmissionSystemsandClutch传动系和离合器1----engine发动机2----transaxle变速驱动桥3----gearbox变速器4/8----axleshaft或halfshaft半轴5----driveshaft传动轴6----differential差速器7----axlecasing，axlebody，axlebox桥壳9----tireandwheel轮胎和车轮1----flywheel飞轮2----clutchplate或clutchdi从动盘3----pressureplate压盘4----clutchcover离合器盖5----releasebearing分离轴承6----operatingfork分离叉7----fluidreservoir储液罐8----mastercylinder主缸9----clutchpedal离合器踏板10----diaphragmspring膜片弹簧11----pressureplate或drivingplate压盘，压板12----platefrictionlining或clutchplatelining摩擦片13----retainingrivet固定铆钉14----torsionrubber扭转橡胶15----clutchhub离合器毂ClutchInthisarticle,wewilllearnwhyyouneedaclutch,andunderstandhowtheclutchinyourcarworks.Thereasonofyouneedaclutchinthecaristhattheenginespinsallthetime,butthecarwheelsdon't.Inorderforacartostopwithoutkillingtheengine,thewheelsneedtobedisconnectedfromtheenginesomehow.Theclutchallowsustosmoothlyengageaspinningenginetoanon-spinningtransmissionbycontrollingtheslippagebetweenthem.Aclutchworksbecauseoffrictionbetweenaclutchplateandaflywheel.Theclutchisadevicethatletsyouconnectanddisconnecttheengineandthetransmission.Whenyoupushintheclutchpedal,theengineandthetransmissionaredisconnectedsotheenginecanrunevenifthecarisstandingstill.Whenyoureleasetheclutchpedal,theengineandtheinputshaftaredirectlyconnectedtooneanother.Theinputshaftandgearturnatthesamerpmastheengine.Aclutchiscomposedoftheclutchdisc,thepressureplate,thereleaseleverandthereleasebearing.4-2Gearbox※变速器1----firstgear一档齿轮2----reversegear倒档齿轮3----secondgear二档齿轮4----thirdgear三档齿轮5----fourthgear四档齿轮6----fifthgear五档齿轮7/14----driveshaft,inputshaft输入轴8/16----outputshaft输出轴9----differential差速器10----axleshaft半轴11----sidegear半轴齿轮12----sidepinion行星齿轮13----finaldriveringgear主减速器齿圈15----transmissioncase变速器壳体17----countershaft，intermediaryshaft，inter-mediateshaft，jackshaft中间轴1----clutchsleeve或synchronizersleeve接合套2----insertspring或shiftingkeyspring滑块弹簧3----inputgear输入齿轮4/8----blockingring或synchronizerring锁环5----groove槽6----clutchhub接合齿毂7----insertkey滑块9----cone锥面10----insertspring滑块弹簧GearboxAgearboxchangesthespeedandtorqueoftheoutputshaftbymeshingdifferentgears.Itprovidesawaytodisconnecttheenginefromthetransmissionsystemwithoutdepressingtheclutchpedalforalongtime.Itenablesthevehicletobereversed.Agearboxhasmanyshaftsandgears.Thecommonproblemswithgearboxincludethedifficultyinengaginggears,jumpingoutofgear,noisygearmeshandoilleaks.Youshouldlookforthereasonsandeliminatetheproblems.Thediagramshowsaverysimpletwo-speedtransmissioninneutral.Let'slookateachofthepartsinthisdiagramtounderstandhowtheyfittogether:Theinputshaftcomesfromtheenginethroughtheclutch.Theinputshaftandthegearonitareconnectedasasingleunit.Inter-mediateshaftarealsoconnectedasasinglepiece,soallofthegearsontheinter-mediateshaftandtheinter-mediateshaftitselfspinasoneunit.Theinputshaftandtheinter-mediateshaftaredirectlyconnectedthroughtheirmeshedgearssothatiftheinputshaftisspinning,soistheinter-mediateshaft.Inthisway,theinter-mediateshaftreceivesitspowerdirectlyfromtheenginewhenevertheclutchisengaged.Thegears1rideonbearings，sotheyspinontheoutputshaft.Iftheengineisoffbutthecariscoasting,theoutputshaftcanturninsidethegears1whilethegears1andtheinter-mediateshaftaremotionless.4-3AutomaticTransmission自动变速器1----torqueconverter液力变距器2----oilpump油泵3----VSS=vehiclespeedsensor车速传感器4----sensors【复数】传感器5----piniongearspeedsensor行星齿轮转速传感器6----planetarygeardrivemechanism行星齿轮传动机构7----ECTECU=electronicallycontrolledtransmission电控自动变速器ECUECU=electroniccontrolunit电子控制单元，电脑8----inputturbospeedsensor输入涡轮转速传感器9----solenoidvalve电磁阀10----controlvalvebody控制阀体11----selector(shift)lever变速杆1----cover盖2----lockupclutch或converterclutch锁止离合器3----turbine涡轮4----impeller泵轮5----reactor导轮6----sungear太阳轮7----planetarygear或piniongear行星齿轮8----planetarycarrier或piniongearcarrier行星架9----internalringgear内齿圈P=parking驻车档R=reverse倒档N=neutral空档D=driving前进档2=second第二档L=low低档1----ODswitch=overdrive(control)switch超速运行开关，O/D开关2----transaxleshiftswitch变速驱动桥换档开关3----drivingpattern(mode)selectorswitch运行模式选择开关manualmode手动模式economymode经济模式powermode动力模式snowmode雪地模式ShiftingtheAutomaticTransaxleThereareseveraldifferentpositionsforyourshiftlever:ParkPReverseRNeutralNDriveDSecond2First1P(Park)：Thislocksyourfrontwheels.It’sthebestpositiontousewhenyoustartyourenginebecauseyourvehiclecan’tmoveeasily.R(Reverse)：Usethisgeartobackup.N(Neutral)：Inthisposition，yourenginedoesn’tconnectwiththewheels.Torestartwhenyou’realreadymoving,useNonly.Also,useNwhenyourvehicleisbeingtowed.D(Drive)：Thispositionisfornormaldriving,atallspeeds,inmoststreetandhighwaysituation.2(Second)：Thispositiongivesyoumorepowerbutlowerfueleconomy.Youcanuse2onhills.Itcanhelpcontrolyourspeedasyougodownsteepmountainroads.1(First)：Thispositiongivesyouevenmorepower(butlowerfueleconomy)than2.Youcanuseitonverysteephills,orindeepsnowormud.4-4FinaldriveandDifferential主减速器和差速器1----flange凸缘2----oilseal油封3----finaldrivecase主减速器壳4----