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虚拟语气虚拟语气涵义在汉语的习惯中,表示假设,也就是“虚拟”的时候,往往只需要用一些词汇来表示,譬如:假如、要是、如果等;在英语中,表示假设或虚拟的时候,不仅要有表示的词,如if,还要在谓语动词上发生变化。虚拟语气涵义虚拟语气看似复杂,其实考生只需掌握下面关键的两点,就能事半功倍。1.注意熟记虚拟语气的标志词(组),如wish,insist,itishightime等。2.要牢记如何在谓语动词的变化上体现虚拟语气,如变化时态,使用should等。虚拟语气适用情况一1:表假设条件(if条件句)含有条件状语从句的句子称为条件句,通常用if引导。如果所表示的条件是真实的,或完全有可能实现的,则称为真实条件句。其主句和从句的谓语都用陈述语气,即我们过去所学的一般的谓语表达形式。标志词:if。If条件句例如:Ifhecomes,hewillbringhisviolin.如果条件句表示的条件根本不可能实现或实现的可能性很小时,则称为虚拟条件句,其主句和从句的谓语就要用虚拟语气。If条件句有以下四种情况:与现在事实相反的假设If条件从句主句一般过去时(be动词用were,不用was)Should\would\might\could+动词原形If条件句Iftheywerehere,theywouldhelpyou.IfIwereyou,Iwouldrefusetogothere.If条件句与过去事实相反的假设If条件句主句过去完成时haddoneShould\would\might\could+have+过去分词If条件句Ifhehadcomeyesterday,Ishould\wouldhavetoldhimaboutit.如果他昨天来的话,我会把这件事告诉他的。含义:Hedidnotcomeyesterday,soIdidnottellhimaboutit.If条件句表示对将来不大可能发生的事情的假想If条件句主句一般过去时didShould\would\might\could+动词原形Were+todoShould+doIf条件句例如:Ifyousucceeded,everythingwouldbeallright.=Ifyoushouldsucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.=Ifyouweretosucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.含义是Youarenotlikelytosucceed,everythingwillbewhatitisnow.If条件句混合条件句主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间,主句与从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间的不同而不同,这种条件句叫做混合条件句。常见的混合时间是:从句表示过去(用haddone)主句表示现在(would\should\might\could)。If条件句例如:Ifyouhadaskedhimyesterday,youwouldknowwhattodonow.如果你昨天问过他,今天就知道做什么了。Ifithadrainedlastnight,itwouldbeverycoldtoday.如果昨晚下过雨,今天就会很冷了。虚拟条件句的倒装注意:虚拟条件句的倒装虚拟条件句的从句部分含有were,should或had时,可省略if,再把were,should或had移到从句的句首,实行倒装。虚拟条件句的倒装例如:Weretheyherenow,theycouldhelpus.=Iftheywereherenow,theycouldhelpus.Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.=Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.Shoulditrain,thecropswouldbesaved.=Wereittorain,thecropswouldbesaved.虚拟语气适用情况二表说话人的心理状态(建议\命令\愿望\判断等)表达一种说话人的心理状态,比如建议、命令或愿望等。关键是要理解并记忆为数不多的一些标志词。这些标志词可能是动词、形容词也可能是名词或固定短语。它们共同的特征是表现了说话人的某种心理状态:建议\命令\愿望\判断等。第一类标志词第一类标志词:动词请求或要求:beg,ask,request,require,order,demand,command(命令),urge(催促)建议:advise,suggest,recommend,move(动议,提议),propose,insist(坚持)愿望:desire,decide(决心),determine(决心),prefer(更希望,更愿望)第二类标志词第二类标志词:上述动词的派生词过去分词:asked,requested,required,ordered,demanded,commanded,advised,suggested,proposed,insisted,decided,determined等。名词:suggestion,proposal,idea,plan,order,advice等。第三类标志词第三类标志词:特殊的形容词表吃惊:surprising,astonishing,amazing表正常:natural,normal,proper,strange,odd,unusual表重要:important,necessary,essential,vital,urgent表“可…”:advisable,desirable,preferable注意主句所带的从句:宾语从句,主语从句或同位语从句、表语从句should+动词原形(do\be)或省略should的形式,体现虚拟语气。由此可见,考生并不一定需要分清从句的类型,只要能够“慧眼识词”,就可以了。注意a.“should+动词原形(do\be)或省略should”结构的否定形式为:Shouldnotdo\be或notdo\beb.无论主句是什么样的时态,从句中都用“should+动词原形(do\be)或省略should”形式,即从句不受主句时态的影响。标志词带主语从句1.标志词带主语从句Itissuggestedthatthemeetingnotbeputoff.ItisnecessarythatyoungpeopleshouldlearnEnglish.Itisnaturalthateveryonewanttolivebetter.Itispreferablethateachclubmembercomeupwithhisownsolutiontotheproblem.标志词带宾语从句2.标志词带宾语从句Hisfatherurgedthathestudymedicine.Heinsistedthatheshouldbesentthere.Theinstructionsaskthatwenottakemorethreetabletsatonce.Wedesirethatthetourleaderinformusimmediatelyofanychangeinplans.标志词带宾语从句,注意:suggest,insist用于其本意“暗示、表明”、“坚持认为”时,宾语从句用陈述语气。判断改错:Yourpalefacesuggeststhatyoushouldbeill.Yourpalefacesuggeststhatyouareill.Iinsistedthatyou(should)bewrong.Iinsistedthatyouwerewrong.标志词带表语从句例如:Myideaisthatweshouldgetmorepeopletoattendtheconference.Theprofessor’sadvicewasthatNathanrevisehispaperagain.标志词带同位语从句例如:Thecaptaingavehisorderthatallofusabandontheshipatonce.Weareallforyourproposalthatthediscussionbeputoff.虚拟语气适用情况三一、特殊词wish的用法Wish后面的从句,表示与事实相反的情况,或表示将来不大可能实现的愿望。其宾语从句的动词形式为:特殊词wish的用法宾语从句的谓语形式用法过去时did表现在未实现的愿望过去完成时haddone表过去未实现的愿望过去将来时would\should\might\coulddo表示将来不大可能实现的愿望特殊词wish的用法例如:IwishIwereastallasyou.Hewishedhehadn’tsaidthat.Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.Itis(high\about)timethat…Itis(high\about)timethat…that从句中用did或should+动词原形,should不可省略。Itis(high\about)timethatthechildrenwenttobed.=Itis(high\about)timethatthechildrenshouldgotobed.ifonly表示“如果……就好了”ifonly后面的句子如果是对现在或将来情况的虚拟,用过去时did;如果是对过去情况的虚拟,用过去完成时haddone。例如:Ifonlythealarmclockhadrung.IfonlyIwererich.Asif&Asthoughasif,asthough引出的与事实不符的状语从句中,谓语动词用虚拟语气。用一般过去时表示对现在情况的模拟,用过去完成式表示对过去情况的虚拟。例如:Themoonshinesbrightly,asifitgaveofflightbyitself.Iwashorrifiedathisappearance.Helookedasthoughhehadn’tsleptforweeks.含蓄虚拟结构例如:WhatwouldIhavedonewithoutyou?=WhatwouldIhavedoneifIhadnotbeenwithyou.这里,withoutyou就是一个“含蓄虚拟结构”。含蓄虚拟结构请特别注意下面句子中的“含蓄虚拟结构”:Inhisposition,Iwouldcommitsuicide.=IfIwereinhisposition,Iwouldcommitsuicide.Butfortheirhelp,Iwouldnothavecompletedthetask.=Ifithadn’tbeenfortheirhelp,Iwouldnothavecompletedthetask.含蓄虚拟结构Butforthesun,therecouldbenolifeontheearth.=Ifitwerenotforthesun,therecouldbenolifeontheearth.Butthatthedoctorarrivedontime,theywouldhavebeendead.=Ifthedoctorhadn’tarrivedontime,theywouldhavebeendead.(注意:Butthat+从句,从句不用虚拟,而是主句用虚拟。)含蓄虚拟结构Givenmoretime,Iwouldhavefinishedthetest.=IfIhadbeengivenmoretime,Iwouldhavefinishedthetest.Wedidn’tknowhistelephonenumber,otherwisewewouldhavetelephonedhim.=Ifwehadknownhistelephonenumber,wewouldhavetelephonedhim.例题解析例1.【03】It’surg
本文标题:虚拟语气(PPT46页)
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