2019-2020学年新人教版高中英语高效学案：必修二-被动语态(附答案)

高考英语一轮复习——被动语态（附答案）I.考点分析一、被动语态的形式被动语态是非常重要的考点。并且我们发现与被动语态有关的考题每次都有2到3题。首先我们要了解被动语态的基本形式。一般现在时bedone现在进行时bebeingdone一般过去时was/weredone过去进行时was/werebeingdone现在完成时have/hasbeendone过去完成时haddone一般将来时willbedone将来过去时would/shouldbedone将来完成时willhavebeendone过去将来完成时would/shouldhavebeendonegoingto结构goingtobedonebetobetobedone情态动词情态动词+bedone不定式tobedonetohavebeendone二、被动语态在下列情况下可以使用：1.只有及物动词或不及物动词+前置词才能用被动态结构；单独的不及物动词不能使用。Agreatbattlewasfought.Thebabieswerelookedafterbythenurse.2.当不知到动作的发出者，或不容易指出动作的发出者时，可用被动语态。Thewindowisbroken.Thechemicalworksisequippedwithsophisticatedmachines.Theaudienceisrequestedtokeepsilence.3.当我们对动作的接受者比动作的发出者更感性趣时，可用被动语态。Thefive-yearplanhasbeendrawnup.ComradeLiwaselectedchairman.4.由于某种特殊的原因(如说话技巧、说话者的感情等)，故意回避行为的发出者时，可用被动语态。Anysuggestionswillbeheartilyappreciated.ItisbelievedthatthereareaboutfourmillionworkersunemployedtheU.S.Aeachyear.5.当谈及疾病时，可用被动结构。Hisleftlungisaffected.Sheisconfinedtotheroombyillness.Tomwasseizedwithsuddenchestpain.6.当由于工作或其它原因过度疲劳时，可用被动结构。Hewascompletelyexhaustedafteralongwalk.Iwasalmostfaggedout.Shewasknockedupafterthelongsteepclimb.7.由于兴奋或激动时，可用被动结构表示。Janewasdelightedtohearthenewsofyoursuccess.Iamverypleasedtoseeyouhere.Shewasenchantedwiththeflowersyousenther.8.当由于受阻或某种原因延迟或耽搁时，可用被动语态结构。Wehavebeenheldupbyfog.Themountainroadswereobstructedbyfallsofrock.Thetrainwasdelayed2hours.Theharbourwasblockedbyice.9.当涉及个人习惯时，可用被动态结构。Heisquiteusedtohardwork.ThisisnotthekindoftreatmentIamaccustomedto.Heisaddictedtosmoking.10．当涉及烦恼时，可用被动结构Hewasannoyedtolearnthatthetrainwouldbedelayed.Sheiseasilyupsetemotionally.Hewasvexedathisfailure.Hewasdisturbedtohearofyourillness.11．表示惊讶时，可用被动态结构。Iwasastonishedtoseehimthere.Iamsurprisedhedidn’tcome.Hewasshockedtohearhisdaughterswearing.Hewasstartledtoseeherlookingsoill.12．当涉及被围困、被（栅栏）隔开、拦开时，可用被动态结构。Hislandisfencedwithbarbedwire.Thetroopsweresurrounded.TroywasbesiegedbytheGreeksfor10years.Japaniscompassedaboutbytheocean.13．当涉及污染、弄脏等意思时，可用被动态结构。Hisreputationistarnished.Mycarwasmired.Yourfingersarestainedwithink.14．当涉及与混淆有关的意思时，可用被动结构。Iwasconfusedtohearthat.Hewaspuzzledwhattodonext.Tomwasbewilderedbytheexaminationquestions.TheyaskedsomanyquestionsthatIgotconfused.三、被动语态注意要点：1.主动语态的主语是people,they,we,you,one,someone,noone等，如泛指一般人，则改为被动语态时，常常被省略。TheyspeakPortugueseinBrazil.PortugueseisspokeninBrazil.Youshouldobservethislaw.Thislawshouldbeobserved.2.不及物动词+介词的动词短语，改为被动语态时，介词不可省略。Marylaughedathisplan.HisplanwaslaughedatbyMary.Ilookeddownuponthem.Theyarelookeddownuponbyme.3.及物动词有两个宾语时，可改为两种被动语态。TheyofferedherapostintheCabinet.ShewasofferedapostintheCabinet.ApostintheCabinetwasofferedher.4.有些动词以被动语态表主动意义，其后不用by，而用at,in,with,about,to等介词。Iamworriedaboutthis.Thisworriesme.Johnisinterestedinhistory.HistoryinterestsJohn.Herplanwasknowntoeveryone.Everyoneknewherplan.5.祈使句的被动语态：肯定祈使句主动语态：V+O被动语态：Let+O+be+过去分词Bringthemanhere.letthemanbebroughthere.否定祈使句主动语态：Don’t+V+O被动语态：Don’tlet+O+be+过去分词Don’tforgettobringthecases.Don’tletitbeforgottentobringthecases.6.疑问句改为被动语态。Whobrokethewindow?Bywhomwasthewindowbroken?DidanyonehearMikeleavetheclassroom?WasMikeheardtoleavetheclassroom?7.感官动词或使役动词+宾语+原形动词，改为被动语态时，其后的原形动词改为不定式。WesawTomentertheroom.Tomwasseentoentertheroombyus.8.有宾语补语的句子改为被动语态时，补语放在动词之后。EveryoneexpectedEmilytomarryMark.EmilywasexpectedbyeveryonetomarryMark.II.练习：1.Thattreelookedasif_____foralongtime.A)hasn’twateredB)didn’twaterC)hadn’tbeenwateredD)wasn’twatered2.After_____forthejob,youwillberequiredtotakealanguagetest.A)beinginterviewedB)interviewedC)interviewingD)havinginterviewed3.Mr.Johnsonpreferred_____heavierworktodo.A)tobegivenB)tobegivingC)tohavegivenD)havinggiven4.Thegreybuildingiswheretheworkerslive,andthewhiteoneiswherethespareparts_____.A)areproducingB)areproducedC)producedD)beingproduced5.Itisnotunusualforworkersinthatregion_____.A)tobepaidmorethanamonthlateB)tobepaidlaterthanmoreamonthC)topaylaterthanamonthmoreD)topaylatemorethanamonth6.Michaelusedtolookhurtandsurprisedwhen_____.A)scoldingB)toscoldC)havingscoldedD)scolded7.obefrank,I’dratheryou_____inthecase.A)willnotbeinvolvedB)notinvolvedC)nottobeinvolvedD)werenotinvolved8.Markoftenattemptstoescape_____wheneverhebreakstrafficregulations.A)havingbeenfinedB)tobefinedC)tohavebeenfinedD)beingfined9.Itisrecommendedthattheproject_____untilallthepreparationshavebeenmade.A)isnotstartedB)willnotbestartedC)notbestartedD)isnottobestarted10.Thefifthgenerationcomputers,whichartificialintelligence,_____andperfectednow.A)developedB)havedevelopedC)arebeingdevelopedD)willhavebeendeveloped11.SirDenis,whois78,hasmadeitknownthatmuchofhiscollection_____tothenation.A)hasleftB)istoleaveC)leavesD)istobeleft12.Theroomisinaterriblemess;it_____cleaned.A)can’thavebeenB)shouldn’thavebeenC)mustn’thavebeenD)wouldn’thavebeen13.GreatasNewtonwas,manyofhisideas_____todayandarebeingmodifiedbytheworkofscientistsofourtime.A)aretochallengeB)maybechallengedC)havebeenchallengedD)arechallenging14.Itisvitalthatenoughmoney_____tofundtheproject.A)becollectedB)mustbecollectedC)iscollectedD)canbecollected15.Asteachersweshouldconcernourselveswithwhatis