讲练初一代词 冠词

1代词专项一.人称代词——主格和宾格人称代词有主格和宾格两种形式，第三人称的人称代词还有性别的变化。主格主要用来做句子的主语；宾格主要用作宾语，在口语中也常用来做句子的表语。二.物主代词物主代词有形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。形容词性物主代词就相当于一个形容词，在句子中只能做句子的定语，对名词进行修饰和限制；而名词性物主代词则相当于一个名词，在句子中可做主语、宾语、和表语。如下表：主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey做主语宾格做动词、介词的宾语意思我你他她它我们你们他们形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词意思我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他们的2)人称代词有主格和宾格之分。通常主格作主语，宾格作宾语。注意：1.人称代词：作主语用主格，作宾语用宾格。人称代词在并列使用时的顺序为：第二人称，第三人称，第一人称。如：You,sheandIallenjoythemusic.2.物主代词：形容词性物主代词在句中只能作定语，相当于一个形容词，名词性物主代词在句中可作表语、主语和宾语，相当于一个名词。3.of+名词性物主代词表示所属如：asisterofhis他的一个妹妹afriendofmine我的一个朋友5.It的用法：①代指上文提到的事物（注意和one的区别）Whereisyourdictionary?Itisinmybag.Ihaveadictionary,andshehasone,too.②表示天气，时间，距离Itoftenrainsinsummer.例：1.-Whosetrousersarethese?-_____,Ithink.A.TheyB.TheirC.TheirsD.Them2.Nobodytaught___English.Hetaught____.A.him,himselfB.his,himselfC.him,byhimselfD.his,his2四.相互代词（eachotheroneanother）五.指示代词(thisthatthesethose)六.疑问代词(whatwhichwhowhomwhose)这里，which是同学们不易掌握的内容，其实，同学们只须记住，对作定语的内容提问，常用which.例如:Iliketheredshirt.______________________doyoulike?七．不定代词1．little,alittle,few,afew的用法。little,alittle加不可数；few,afew加可数；little，few表否定；alittle，afew表肯定用little,alittle,few,afew填空:1）.IoftenstayathomebecauseIhave_______friendshere.2）.Jim,don’tgoandgetsomewater.Thereis______waterintheglass.3）.ThoughhelearnedFrenchonly________weeks.Hecanspeakverywell.4）.Lilyhad_________breadbecauseshewashungryyesterday.2．someanysome（一些，某）一般用于肯定句中（注：some有时也可用于表示请求的疑问句中）any（任何）多用于疑问句和否定句①Willyougivemesomewater?②Wouldyoulikesomemeat?3.allbothall“(全部)都”表示三者或三者以上，作同位语时，一般放在连系、助动词之后，行为动词之前。both“（两者）都”,作主语时，看作复数；作定语时，后跟名词复数。如：Theybothswimwell.＝Bothofthemswimwell.Therearetreesonbothsidesofthestreet.=TherearetreesoneithersideofthestreetNeitherofusisgoingtoBeijingnextweek.4.manymuch5.复合不定代词something,anything,nothing的用法当形容词修饰这三个不定代词时，常后置。如：somethingnewThere's__________intoday'snewspaper.A.importantanythingB.importantsomethingC.anythingimportantD.somethingimportant8.anotherothertheothertheothersanother+单数名词,“另一个，再一个，又一个”another+数词=数词+more“再…，还…，又…”one…theother“一个……，另一个……”some….others…..“一些…一些…”theother+复数名词=theothers“其他的人或物”指确定范围内剩下的全部others“别人”例题分析1：（）1.Only_________knowit.A.IandheB.heandyouC.heandID.Iandyou()2.Isaw________playinginthestreetatthattime.A.themB.theyC.theirD.theirs()3.Jimwillgive_________ashorttalktomorrow.A.weB.usC.ourD.ours3()4.Thepenishers.Passitto_________,please.A.herB.sheC.hersD.herse（）5.Thebirdbuilt_______nestinthetree.A.it'sB.her'sC.hersD.its()6.Haveyouseen______pen,ablackone?A.theseB.myC.youD.hers()7.Theyaren'tourbooks.Arethey____?A.yourB.hisC.herD.their（）8.We______atthepartylastSunday.A.enjoyedmyselfB.enjoyedourselvesC.enjoymyselfD.enjoyedourself例题分析2：()1.Thereisnot______meatinmybowl.Thereis_______chickeninit.A.some;anyB.any;someC.any;anyD.some;some()2.Couldyoudo______forme,please?A.everythingB.nothingC.somethingD.anything()3.Thebottleisempty.Thereis______init.A.anythingB.somethingC.nothingD.everything()4.—Didyoufind______intheroom?—No,wefound______there.A.anybody;nobodyB.somebody;everybodyC.anybody;somebodyD.everybody;anybody()5.—Arethesetwobooksinteresting?—Yes,________ofthemareinteresting.A.bothB.allC.eitherD.neither()6.Hecouldn'tmakehimselfunderstoodbecause_______ofusknewwhathesaid.A.noneB.noC.nobodyD.not()7._____ofthemisgoodatsinging.A.BothB.AllC.NooneD.Neither()8.Shecanspeak_______Englishnow.A.alittleB.afewC.manyD.few()9.Hurryup!Thereis________timeleft.A.fewB.afewC.littleD.alittle()10.HarryPotterissointerestingabookthatlotsofteenagersliketoread________.A.itB.thisC.thatD.one()11.—Yourwatchisquitenice.Wheredidyoubuy________?—InShanghai.Doyouwanttohave________likethis?A.it;oneB.it;itC.one;itD.one;one()12.Mostyoungpeoplefind________excitingtowatchafootballmatch.A.itB.thisC.thatD.one用所给代词的正确形式填空。1.Theseare______(he)brothers.2.Thatis_______(she)sister.3.Lilyis_______(Lucy)sister.4.4.Tom,thisis_____(me)cousin,Mary.5.Now_____________(herparent)areinAmerica.6.Those__________(child)are_____(I)father’sstudents.47.Doyouknow______(it)name?8.MikeandTom__________(be)friends.9.Thanksforhelping________(I).10.______(Ann安)motheris______(we)teacher.11.Let_____(I)help____(you).12.Let_____(we)go.13.(I)_____arestudents.14.Ican'tfind_____(they).15.Give____(he)thebook.16.__________ismyaunt.Weoftenvisit__________.(she)17.Chinaisadevelopingcountry._________isintheeastofAsia.(its)18.Iownabluebike.Theredoneisn’t__________.(I)19.Thesenewhousesaresonice.__________areveryexpensive.(them)20.Thefishermencaughtalotoffish,didn’t__________?(them)冠词专项冠词是词汇中的基础的，也是简单的部分，所以同学们有必要掌握其基本用法，归纳起来，同学们应该掌握以下几点：1.冠词指不定冠词a,an（一个）和定冠词the（这个）2.不定冠词an常用于元音发音开头的词前，如：anhour,anEnglishcar.请区别：ausefulmachine3.定冠词的使用：(1)指上文提到过的人或物，用定冠词the(2)在世界上独一无二的事物前用定冠词the.如：thesun,themoon,theearth(3)定冠词the用于序数词前，表示方位的名词和形容词最高级前。如：thefirst,inthesouth,thebest(4)在复数姓氏前加the，表示××一家人，常看成复数。如：TheBrownsaregoingtoShanghaiforaholidaythissummer.(5)在介词短语中常用定冠词the，如：inthebox,behindthechair(6)放在形容词前表一类therichtheyoungthepoor(7)在某些固定搭配中inthemorningintheendgotothemovie4.不能用定冠词the的时候：(1)名词前已有thisthatyourwhosenoeverysome等代词时不用冠词Thisismycap.(2)在节日、星期、月份、季节、年等词前不用冠词。如：insummer,inAugust请区别：inth