基于无线通信技术的SCADA系统的设计与实现

上海交通大学硕士学位论文基于无线通信技术的SCADA系统的设计与实现姓名：朱俊申请学位级别：硕士专业：控制理论与控制工程指导教师：田作华200701014SCADA(SCADA)SCADAGPRSSCADASCADAGPRSGPRSPPPSCADASCADAGPRSPPP5DESIGNANDIMPLEMEMENTATIONOFSCADASYSTEMBASEDONWIRELESSCOMMUNICATIONTECHNOLOGYABSTRACTTheSupervisoryControlandDataAcquisition(SCADA)systemisaproductioncoursecontrolandattemperamentautomatizationsystembasedoncomputer.Withtheprominentdevelopmentofindustrialautomationandwirelesscommunicationtechnology,industrialcorporationsdemandsSCADAsystemmorereliabe,real-timeandflexible.Inthissuitation,thisthesisputforwardaSCADAsystembasedonRFandGPRStechnologies,whichusingadvancedwirelesscommunicationtechnologytocollectthereal-timedataofindustrialfieldandtoreporttomanagementlayer.CommunicationtechnologyisoneofthemostimportantfactorsofSCADAsystem,soselectionofcommunicationtechnologyanddesignofcommunicationprotocolareveryimportantindesignandimplementionofthesystem.Fortheselectionofcommunicationtechnology,wechooseRFtechnologytoreplacethewiretotransimittingdatainthefiledforhighflexibility.Afteranalyzingthedisadvantagesofseveralcommunicationtechnologies,weselectGPRSasremotedatatransimissionmethod.Forthis,thesystembecomesmorereal-timeandlow-cost.InthefacetofcommunicationisSCADAsystem,thisthesisdesignestheprotocolstackforthefielddata-collectsubnetwithphysicallayer,datalinklayer,networklayerandtransmissionlayer.Weimplementtheprotocalssuchasstop-wait,overtimere-issuedtoimprovereliableofthe6system.WealsoimplementPPPprotocolanddesignheartbeatalgorithm.TheimplementationofSCADAsystembasedonwirelesscommunicationtechnology,uniquelyuseswirelesstechnologyfordatatransmission,avoidstheproblemsofdisposingcableandimprovestheagility.Thisoffersaconvenientwirelessdatatransmissionmethodforindustrialdatatransmission.KEYWORDS:SCADAGPRSRFCommunicationProtocalPPP72ASKAmplitudeShiftKeyingCPLDComplexProgrammableLogicDeviceCRCCyclicalRedundancyCheckDSPDigitalSignalProcessorDSSSDirectSequenceSpreadSpectrumFCCFederalCommunicationsCommissionFHSSFrequencyHoppingSpreadSpectrumFSKFrequencyShiftKeyingGPRSGeneralPacketRadioServiceGSMGlobalSystemofMobilecommunicationIEEEInstituteforElectricalandElectronicEngineersIrDAInfraredDataAssociationISMIndustrial,ScientificandMedicalKbpsKilobitspersecondMCUMicroControllerUnitNRZNonReturntoZeroPCBPrintedCircuitBoardPSTNPublicSwitchedTelephoneNetworkRFRadioFrequencySCADASupervisoryControlAndDataAcquisitionSPISerialPeripheralInterfaceUSBUniversalSerialBusWBFHWideBandFrequencyHopping2200713032007130200713011.11.1.1[1]GPRS1985(FCC)(ISM,Industrial,ScientificandMedical)ISMIrDAIEE802.11a802.11b802.11gBluetoothHomeRFZigBeeUWBWiFiWiMax[2](CDPT)1982(GSM)19881990GSM[3]2(3G)2.5(2.5G)2.5GSMGPRSGPRS(GeneralPacketRadioService)GSMGSM171.2Kbps[4]1.1.2SCADASCADA(SupervisoryControlAndDataAcquisition)SCADA[5]SCADASCADASCADASCADA20702080SCADAVAXUNIXSCADASCADA20903SCADASCADAiEMSSCADASCADAInternetSCADASCADASCADASCADA(1)SCADA(2)()(3)(4)InternetSCADASCADASCADA[6]1.2SCADASCADASCADASCADASCADAGPRSSCADAGPRS4GPRS()GPRSGPRSGSMInternetGPRSGPRSGPRSGPRSSCADAGPRSGPRSGPRSSCADA5SCADA2.12.1.1SCADA1.(1)TSCADA(2)(MODEM)2.4kbps,9.6kbps56kbps(PSTN)(3)6ISMGSMGPRS2.RS-4852.1.2SCADAGSMGPRSGPRSGPRSGPRSSCADA2-11231GPRS1GPRSInternetGPRS2GPRS3GPRS72-1SCADAFigure2-1SketchmapofSCADAsystemstructureSCADARS232/TTLRS232/RS485/TTLGPRSGPRSIDSCADAInternetGPRSGPRSInternet(1)(2)GPRSGPRSGPRSGPRSGPRS8GPRSGPRSGPRSGPRSGSMInternetGPRS2.22.2.1IrDAISM(Industrial,ScientificandMedical)()IrDAIrDA(InfraredDataAssociation)IrDA(InfraredCommunicationsTechnologies)IrDA950nm0.75~25mmVFIRIrDA16Mbps3~5m(120)IrDA1)2)3)16MbpsIrDA1IrDA509IrDALEDIrDAIrDA(0~10m)IrDAIrDALEDIrDA[7]()ISMISM(IndustrialScientificandMedical)(FCCFederalCommunicationsCommission)FreeLicenseISMIEEE802.11(Bluetooth)HomeRFZigBeeUWBa)IEEE802.11IEEE802.11IEEE()IEEE802.11()WLANLANIEEE802.11LANIEEE802.11MACIEEE802.11IEEE802.11IEEE802.11aIEEE802.11bIEEE802.11gIEEE802.112MbpsIEEE802.11b2.4GHz11MbpsIEEE802.11a5GHz2.4GHz54Mbps25Mbps[8]10b)(Bluetooth)1994IEEE802.15IEEE80248bitBD_ADDRIEEE802.11b2.4GHz(FHSS)1600/3200/2.45GHz791MHz1MHz721kbps10m(Protocol)(Profile)4[9]c)HomeRFHomeRFHomeRF50mHomeRFIEEE802.11DECT2.4GHz(FHSS)50/,751MHzFSK2FSK4FSK2FSK1Mbps4FSK2MbpsHomeRF2.xWBFH(WideBandFrequencyHopping)1MHz3MHz5MHz75/10MbpsHomeRFHomeRF(StreamMedia)11HomeRF(SWAP)IEEE802.11(CSMA/CD)CSMA/CADECT(DigitalEnhancedCordlessTelephony)TDMAHomeRF[10]2.2.2GPRSGPRS(GeneralPacketRadioService)GSMGSMGPRSGSMTDMA(BSS)GPRSGPRSGPRSTPX.25GSMGSM9.6kbps100kbpsGPRSInternetISP12[11]2.3SCADA2.3.1SCADA()13CRC()[12]2.3.2GPRS(1)(2)(IDLE,SLEEP)()()(3)()14-ABCBAABBABCB(4)(0101)[13]2.3.3(1)POS15(2)()ASK,FSK[14](3)[15]2.3.416/2.4SCADAGPRS173.1USBIrDAIEE802.11HomeRFIrDAIEE802.11HomeRFChipcon(NI)CC1020GPRS3-11812n13-1Figure3-1Blockdiagramoffieldwirelesscommunicationsubsystem3.23.2.1[16]CPLDDSP19[17]1/3CC1020I/OCC1020CC1020(PDIPDOPCLKPSEL)CC1020CC1020CC102027.1mA19.9mA0.2uAPCBCC1020QFN323.2.2SCADA20433MHzISM)(57.3rthhd+×=(Km)(3-1)drh\th(m))(12.4rthhd+×=(Km)(3-2)rh=1.5mth=1.0m(3-2)Ud=9.188Km(3-1)(3-2)UtrtrggdhhPP2221)(×=(W)(3-3)tP(W)rgtgd(m)2/12021)(hhht+=