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当前位置:首页 > 中学教育 > 高中教育 > 同位语从句讲解(精品)
同位语从句一.定义在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面,用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。如:Iheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.我听到了我们队获胜的消息。Ihadnoideathatyouwerehere.我不知道你在这里。二.常见的可以跟同位语从句的词(抽象名词)news,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,word(消息),possibility等。如:I’vecomefromMrwangwithamessagethathewon’tbeabletoseeyouthisafternoon.我从王先生那里来,他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。三.常见引导词英语中引导同位语从句的词通常有连词that,whether,连接副词how,when,where等。(注:if,which不能引导同位语从句。)1.如同位语从句意义完整,应用that引导同位语从句。(即that不充当任何成分,只起连接作用,不可省略)例:Thegeneralgavetheorderthatthesoldiersshouldcrosstheriveratonce.将军下达了战士们立即过河的命令。析:thesoldiersshouldcrosstheriveratonce是theorder的全部内容,且意义完整,因此应用that引导同位语从句。2.如同位语从句意义不完整,需增加是否的含义,应用whether引导同位语从句。(if不能引导同位语从句)例:We'lldiscusstheproblemwhetherthesportsmeetingwillbeheldontime.我们将讨论运动会是否会如期举行的问题。析:thesportsmeetingwillbeheldontime意义不完整,应加是否的含义才能表达theproblem的全部内容,因此应用whether引导同位语从句。Hemustanswerthequestionwhetherheagreestoitornot.他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。3.如同位语从句意义不完整,需增加什么时候、什么地点、什么方式等含义,应用when,where,how等词引导同位语从句。例1:Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.析:hewillbeback意义不完整,应加什么时候的含义才能表达idea的全部内容,因此应用when引导同位语从句。例2:Ihavenoimpressionhowhewenthome,perhapsbybike.析:hewenthome意义不完整,应加如何的含义才能表达impression的全部内容,因此应用how引导同位语从句。MyquestionhowIshallgetintouchwithhimhasnotbeenanswered.4.有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面,而被别的词隔开。如:Severalyearslater,wordcamethatNapoleonhimselfwascomingtoinspectthem.几年以后,有消息传来说拿破仑要亲自视察他们。Thethoughtcametohimthatmaybetheenemyhadfledthecity.他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。四、同位语从句与定语从句的区别1.从性质上区别:同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系,即说明它前面名词的内容;而定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰关系,即限定它前面的名词范围,或补充一些情况。如:Thenewsthatlhavepassedtheexamistrue.我通过了考试这一消息是真的。(同位语从句,即从句所表达的意思就是前面名词的内容。)Thenewsthathetoldmejustnowistrue.他刚才告诉我的消息是真的。(定语从句,从句对前面名词起修饰限制作用,即“他告诉我的”那个消息,而不是别的消息。)Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthegamewastrue.我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。(同位语从句,补充说明news到底是一个什么消息。)ImadeapromisethatifanyonesetmefreeIwouldmakehimveryrich.我许诺如果谁让我自由,我就让他非常富有。(同位语从句,补充说明promise到底是一个什么诺言)2.从词类上区别:同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea,fact,news,hope,belief,suggestion,proposal,word,thought,doubt,truth,possibility,promise,order等有一定内涵的名词;而定语从句的先行词可以是名词,代词,主句的一部分或是整个主句。如:Thepossibilitythatthemajorityofthelaborforcewillworkathomeisoftendiscussed.(同位语从句)Wearenotlookingintothequestionwhetherheisworthtrusting.(同位语从句)Wordcamethathehadbeenabroad.(同位语从句)Ourteamhaswonthegame,whichmadeusveryhappy.我们的队赢了,这让我们很高兴?(定语从句)Thedoctorwhomyouarelookingforisintheroom.你找的那位医生在房间里面(定语从句)Hismotherdidallshecouldtohelphimwithhisstudy.他妈妈尽她的最大努力帮助他的学习(定语从句,代词all作先行词)3.从引导词及其在句子中的成分上区别有些引导词如how,whether,what可以引导同位语从句,但不能引导定语从句。如:Thatquestionwhetherweneedithasnotbeenconsidered.我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑?(同位语从句)Ihavenoideawhathashappenedtohim.我不知道他发生了什么事(同位语从句)引导词that引导定语从句时,在从句中一般作主语或宾语(指物时还可以用which代替),并且作宾语时常常省略,that在同位语从句中仅起连接作用,不充当任何成分,并且不能省略,也不能用which来代替。如:Theorderthatweshouldsendafewpeopletohelptheothergroupswasreceivedyesterday.我们应派几个人去帮别的几个小组的命令昨天收到了。(同位语从句,是对order的具体解释,that虽不作成分,但不能省略)Theorderthatwereceivedyesterdaywasthatweshouldsendafewpeopletohelptheothergroups.我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人去帮助别的几个小组(定语从句,是名词order的修饰语,that在从句中作received的宾语,可以省略)Theideathatcomputerscanrecognizehumanvoicessurprisesmanypeople.计算机能够识别人的声音的想法使许多人感到惊奇。(that在从句中不充当任何成份。)Theideathathegavesurprisesmanypeople.他提出的观点令许多人感到吃惊。(that在从句中作gave的宾语。)★同位语从句与定语从句的区别被修饰词连接词主从关系同从多为抽象名词只起连接作用不能替代被修饰词抽象对具体的过程,解释说明主句中心词,“是”的关系,暗含主表关系,在名词后可+be定从无限制起成分、连接、替代作用从句修饰限定先行词“...的”方法一:ThestudentwhoansweredthequestionisTom.who有连接作用,充当主语,替代thestudent,故为定语从句Thequestionwhoshoulddotheworkisunderdiscussion.who有连接作用,充当主语,但无替代作用,故为同位语从句方法二:区分时可以在名词与从句之间加一个系动词be,使之构成一个新句子,如果句子通顺且符合逻辑,则为同位语从句,反之,则为定语从句如:Thereportthathewasgoingtoresignwasfalse.因为thereportwasthathewasgoingtoresign句意通顺,所以,thathewasgoingtoresign是同位语从句。Thestudentwaswhoansweredthequestion.(×)应改为Thestudentwasanyone/onewhoansweredthequestion.Thequestionwaswhoshoulddothework.(√)Wearefindingaplacewherewecanstaytonight.从句Wearediscussingthequestionwherewecanstaytonight.从句例1:1)Informationhasbeenputforward____moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.A.whileB.thatC.whenD.as析:答案为B。moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities是Information的内容,且Information不在从句中作成分,所以该句为同位语从句。应将该句区别于:2)Itissaidthatmoremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities,thisistheinformation____hasbeenputforward.A.whatB.thatC.whenD.as析:答案为B。thathasbeenputforward为information的修饰性定语,且information在从句中作主语,所以该句为定语从句。例2:1)Sheheardaterriblenoise,____broughtherheartintohermouth.(MET91)A.itB.whichC.thisD.that析:答案为B。分析语境含义、句子结构和句子成分可知,该句为非限制性定语从句,先行词为aterriblenoise,且它在从句中作主语。应将该句区别于:2)Ican'tstandtheterriblenoise____sheiscryingloudly.A.itB.whichC.thisD.that析:答案为D。sheiscryingloudly是theterriblenoise的内容,且theterriblenoise不在从句中作成分,所以该句为同位语从句。★同位语从句的时态特点:时态孤立,主从时态不需一致★同位语从句中的虚拟语气在表示建议、命令、要求等词后用虚拟语气(should)+V原(名词性从句)1.______hereferredtoinhisarticlewasunknowntothegeneralreader.A.ThatB.WhatC.WhetherD.Where2.Thetraditionalviewis______wesleepbecauseourbrainis“programmed”tomakeusdoso.A.whenB.whyC.whetherD.that3.CouldIspeaktoisinchargeofInternationalSales,please?A.anyoneB.someoneC.whoeverD.nomatterwho4.____mattersmostinlearningEnglishisenoughpract
本文标题:同位语从句讲解(精品)
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