高考语法-虚拟语气讲解及练习

高考语法-虚拟语气讲解及练习★清华大学★英语系测试：为中小学生英语量身定做.官方网站：：1.1与现在事实不一致，其句型为：If+主语＋did，主语＋should（could,would,或might）＋do.如：IfIwereyou,Iwouldstudyhard.（可倒装）Ifitrained,Iwouldnotbeherenow.1.2与过去事实不一致，句型为：If+主语＋had＋done，主语＋should（could,would,或might）＋have＋done.如：Ifthedoctorhadcomelastnight,theboywouldhavebeensaved.（可倒装）比较这一句：Ifthedoctorhadcomelastnight,theboywouldbesaved.-（混合虚拟:要求根据语境判断！）1.3将来事实不一致，句型为：＋do，主语＋should（could，would,或might）＋do.如：Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldstayathome.（可倒装）IfIweretogotothemoononeday,Icouldseeitwithmyowneyes.（可倒装）Ifyoumissedthefilmtonight,youwouldfeelsorry.（混合虚拟）P.S:1、If条件句中绝对不可出现“would”。2、根据句中的时间状语，有时可能出现“混合虚拟”的情况，即主句可能是现在的情况，条件句也许是发生在过去的情况，但都是遵守上述句型。1.4虚拟倒装：在条件句中如果出现were,had,should可省去if，将主语与这些词倒装，例如：Hadthedoctorcomelastnight,theboywouldhavesaved.WereItogotothemoononeday,Iwouldseeitwithmyowneyes.Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldstayathome.1.5without,but,butfor,otherwise引起的短语或句子常暗含虚拟（语气较为含蓄）,分3种情况动词作同上的变化。1.5.1与现在事实相反：Withoutyou,Iwouldneverknowhim.Butforyourcooperation,wewouldn’thavedonetheworksowell.Iwouldbemostgladtohelpyou,butI’ambusynow.Iambusynow,otherwiseIwoulddoyouthefavor!1.5.2与过去事实相反：Butthatshewasafraid,shewouldhavesaidno.Iwouldhavecometothepartyyesterday,butIwasworking.2名词性虚拟语气：在表示命令、建议要求、惊叹、感叹、愿望时的名词性从句中需用虚拟语气，具体类型有：2.1遇到：suggest,suggestion,insist,insistence,order,demand,request,command,propose,proposal,desire,plan,idea时:——主语＋（should）＋do，如：Motherinsisted（坚决要求）thatJohngotobedat9o’clock.（宾语从句）（P.S．当insist意为“坚称说”，不要虚拟语气！）Wesuggestedthatthemeetingshouldnotbeheld.Thesuggestionthathebeinvitedwasrejected.（同位语从句）（P.S．当suggest意为“暗示，表明”，不要虚拟语气！）Itwasrequiredthatthecropsshouldbeharvestedatonce.（主语从句）Thatistheirdemandthattheirwagesbeincreased.（表语从句）2.2①Itis+natural/necessary/important/surprising/strange/funny/extraordinary/suggusted/proposed/requested/ordered+that+主语+（should）+do②Itis+apity/ashame/nowonder/anhonor+that+主语+（should）+do如：Itisstangethathe(should)gohimself.P.S.上述词只表事实，不表情感Should+do(表现在或将来)2.3主语+be+sorry/surprised/disappointed(表情感的词)+that+主语+Should+have+done(表过去)(这里的should意为“竟然”)如：I’msorrythatthingsshouldhavecometothis.2.4It’s(high)timethat+主语＋should＋do/主语＋did，例如：It’stimethatyouwenttoschool.=It’stimethatyoushouldgotoschool.你该去上学了。（早该去了，可你没去）2.5wish后的宾语从句：与现在愿望不一致:主语＋did；IwishIwereyou.与过去愿望不一致:主语＋had＋done；IwishIhadvisitedthewhiteHousewhenIwasinthestates.与未来愿望不一致:主语＋would（could）＋do。IwishIcouldmetyoutomorrowattheparty.wish的感叹句:HowIwish+根据3种情况的相应句法=Ifonly（用法同wish）如：HowIwishIhadknowntheanswer.=IfonlyIhadknowntheanswer.P.S.wish+从句，表示不肯能实现的愿望，所以用虚拟语气；hope+从句，表示可能实现的愿望，不用虚拟语气2.6wouldrather/asif（though）2.6.1与现在/未来事实相反：did如：Iwouldratheryoustayedherenow.Shelovesthechildrenasiftheywerehers.2.6.2与过去事实相反：haddone如：Iwouldratheryouhadstayedhereatthattime.AlantalkedaboutRomeasifhehadbeenthere.P.S.asif/though遇到Itseems/appears/sounds/looksetc.时有时依据以需要，表示说话者认为有可能的事实。如：Itsoundsasifthebellisringing.【虚拟语气专项训练】1、Itisimportantthatacollegestudentaforeignlanguage.A．willmasterB．masterC．mastersD．wouldmaster2、Itisstrangethatshewithoutsayingaword.A．shouldhavegoneoutB．wentC．shouldgooutD．goesout3、IfmylawyerherelastSaturday,hemefromgoing.A．hadbeen,wouldhavepreventedB．hadbeen,wouldpreventC．were,wouldpreventD．were,wouldhaveprevent4、——“Heisabraveman.”——“Yes,IwishIhiscourage.”A．haveB．hadC．willhaveD．mayhave5、Ifitrain,thecropswouldbesaved.A．shouldB．willC．isgoingtoD．wasto6、Heorderedthatthemedicinebyaspecialplane.A．wassentB．wouldbesentC．shouldsendD．besent7、Ifyouthemedicine,youbetternow.A．took,wouldfeelB．hadtaken,feltC．hadtaken,wouldfeelD．took,wouldhavefelt8、Sheismysister,butsheoftenactsasifmymother.A．isB．wasC．wereD．hadbeen9、Iwenttobedearlylastnight,butIwishIso.A．didn’tdoB．hadn’tdoC．haven’tdoneD．couldn’tdo10、I’dratherhetomorrowafternoon.A．willcomeB．comesC．comingD．came11．_________smoking,hewouldnothavegotcancerinthelung.A.WashegivenupB.HadhegivenupC.DidhegiveD.Ifhegaveup12.Weinsistedthatthemeaninglessargument________.A.shouldbringtoanendB.wasbroughttoanendC.mightcometoanendD.cometoanend13.—I____toyourbirthdaypartylastSunday.—Unfortunately,youwereoutonbusiness.A.hadcomeB.cameC.wouldcomeD.wouldhavecome14.Hissuggestionthatyou____oncemoresoundsreasonable.A.tryB.triedC.musttryD.cantry15.____himnottodoso,hewouldn’thavemadesuchaseriousmistake.A.DidIpersuadeB.IfIpersuadeC.IfIshouldpersuadeD.HadIpersuade16.It’shightimethatwestudents_____evenharderatourlessonsasthenationalentranceexaminationiscomingnearer.A.workB.willworkC.workedD.havetowork17.ItisnecessarythatpeoplebothyoungandoldinChina____someEnglishtobepreparedfortheOlympicGamestobeheldinBeijingin2008.A.learnB.willlearnC.mustlearnD.havelearned18.----Weweren’tsurewhichwaytogo.Intheendweturnedright.----You_____thewrongway.You_____left.A.went;shouldhaveturnedB.havegone;mustturnC.went;wouldhaveturnedD.hadgone;musthaveturned19.Iftherewerenosubjectivemood,Englishmucheasier.（84，17）A.willbeB.wouldhavebeenC.couldhavebeenD.wouldbe20.Theguardatthegateinsistedthateverybodytherules.(85,10)A.obeysB.obeyC.willobeyD.wouldobey21.Ifshehadworkedharder,she