煤炭的真实成本――粉煤灰调查报告

1煤炭的真实成本——粉煤灰调查报告主要研究发现序第一章中国粉煤灰现状第二章绿色和平调查结果第三章粉煤灰治理的政府机构第四章粉煤灰治理中存在的问题第五章政策建议参考资料附录iii0106131519212320108600©/20106©/20108©/主要作者英文翻译与校对DinahGardnerShellyJiangGabrielWisniewski摄影SimonLim设计1.200282.52.20093.754.242113.4.14205.358.7510054.2594104.255345.52.56.647.838.149.60%10.20091/530200717450GDP7.1%11502010820093.7560%1420109iii煤炭的真实成本——粉煤灰调查报告2一、概况4122009303.75234.24421156二、粉煤灰的污染1.72.20%1015893.4.5.1120106©/8煤炭的真实成本——粉煤灰调查报告4/////表1粉煤灰中主要有害物质及健康影响1113106.2030干灰场饮用吸入颗粒物人体土地盐碱化植物死亡庄稼种植困难产量下降庄稼受重金属污染，进入消费者牲畜吃沾了灰的草生病，掉奶奶源污染湿灰场煤灰渗滤液牲畜饮用地下水房屋地基浸泡变形危房地窖浸水不能存东西地表水食品业水源污染人饮用致病浅层地下水灰水地下水位上升鱼塘里鱼类死亡扬尘图1粉煤灰污染示意图煤炭的真实成本——粉煤灰调查报告5灰场溃坝案例：•20081222Kingston805200160240061989Exxon玆Valdez12•200913200643030141520061111216200540130172004118200812Kingston©WadePayne/20106©/煤炭的真实成本——粉煤灰调查报告87201018142.1147348196320051426154%19绿色和平实地考察的工作重点分为三个部分：1）粉煤灰中的重金属和化合物成分调查；2）灰场附近水体污染情况调查；3）灰场环境治理调查。()201()197313517021963303031986120504()19782101605()1995540459619882001457()1978370738()19981201909()195818011810()19931009311()200324019212()19771106013()199312020014()200514050表2.1绿色和平调查火电厂信息一、粉煤灰成分调查/UniversityofExeter142.2202009142.322358.7510054.259410.004.255345.502.5二、粉煤灰灰场附近水体污染情况调查682.4232.52.664233%187%67%29%43%400%17%8336%80%270%103%74%180%内蒙古，赤峰市元宝山发电有限公司河北省，唐山市大唐国际发电股份有限公司陡河发电厂内蒙古，赤峰市赤峰热电厂内蒙古，丰镇市丰镇发电厂内蒙古，呼和浩特市内蒙古大唐国际托克托发电有限责任公司山西省，朔州市神头第二发电厂山西省，大同市国电电力大同第二发电厂云南省，宣威市国电宣威发电有限公司云南省，曲靖市国投曲靖发电有限公司贵州省，六盘水市贵州省黔桂发电有限责任公司贵州省，六盘水市贵州粤黔电力有限责任公司江西省，九江市国电九江发电有限公司江西省，丰城市江西丰城发电有限责任公司一期江西省，丰城市江西赣能丰城发电厂二期工程煤炭的真实成本——粉煤灰调查报告1091-18.70--10.2020.477.9219.02-2.2730.4620.129.13-21.5341.8240.5664.56-10.115-26.99--59.6760.485.955.74-15.407-5.45-0.178.0381.8034.2043.20-9.6191.0028.5419.60-7.52101.8528.3072.19-13.30113.5467.20131.81-32.64120.318.944.37-2.78132.32100.5--17.30140.2968.806.78-3.4614.35402.17376.40.17213.82358.7510054.259410.004.255345.50表2.3绿色和平调查的14家火电厂粉煤灰中国家重点监控重金属年释放量表2.4粉煤灰灰场附近水体取样成分检测表2.5灰场周围地表水污染物超标检测结果表2.6灰场周围地下井水污染物超标检测结果2724(ug/L)25(ug/L)(ug/L)150030005000233%67%-3000263870-29%150030004300187%43%-300015000-400%-3000351017%28(ug/L)(ug/L)20(mg/L)27.12(mg/L)36%50089880%5001850270%70142103%20(mg/L)34.72(mg/L)74%1(mg/L)2.8(mg/L)180%表2.2样本成分检测结果2142煤炭的真实成本——粉煤灰调查报告1211三、灰场环境治理调查1.5500500503.14154.4200663020108100600/20108©/20107©SimonLim/20108©/502.14煤炭的真实成本——粉煤灰调查报告14一、国家发展和改革委员会•••7二、环境保护部14•••••20107©SimonLim/煤炭的真实成本——粉煤灰调查报告16一、燃煤电厂高速发展，粉煤灰数量急增200220023.572993084,75082.5二、综合利用率被夸大，粉煤灰环境污染被忽视212005201060%75%2007201060%60%3160%30%2.6360%20106©/煤炭的真实成本——粉煤灰调查报告1817三、环境污染防治政策体系不完善2004200020081999四、环境执法薄弱3030五、综合利用环境治理缺位90199420107©SimonLim/20106©/煤炭的真实成本——粉煤灰调查报告20一、在现有法律框架下提高重视，加大环境执法力度1.2.3.4.二、进一步完善粉煤灰治理的相关政策法规1.2.3.4.20106©/煤炭的真实成本——粉煤灰调查报告222111996220084131.641=1.13550211.8177177316199476796818://news.sina.com.cn/c/2010-04-05/234920011756.shtml1068011--20092://://files/2008/12/tennessee-coal-ash-slurry-spill-48-times-bigger-than-exxon-valdez-spill.php13://://://news.sohu.com/20050414/n225176321.shtml18=11344&cid=193192009200965205202009212.222144%23200353200519520012032008351200626324GB3838-200225GB5084-2005261000ug/L;2000ug/L;3000ug/L2728GB5749-200629://news.xinhuanet.com/fortune/2010-05/21/c_12127936.htm3120106©/煤炭的真实成本——粉煤灰调查报告24234CC10001CC10019CC10015CC10016CC10020CC10021CC10007CC10008CC10013CC10004aCC10005CC10025CC10026CC10022CC10023CC10027CC10028CC10029CC10030CC10031CC10035CC10036CC10039CC10040mg/kgAluminium-3150047000554001840017500--11000--14300139001660015000217001990020900175001430011300112001710017400Antimony5101010101055105510101010101010101010101010Arsenic2063.416.819.726.254.520204.1202026.620.47.425.977.677.185.252.17.291112.914.2Barium1583487127803352911341716012725911210411912613813515811620813993.111101050Beryllium-2.895.756.232.652.25--1.41--4.144.33.773.255.24.5943.481.351.111.241.591.49Boron4311857167110998.98312272.6396413.29.434.829.879.5610.336.324.418.616.617.392100Cadmium11.580.8410.9821.051.22110.343111.060.8430.6111.091.942.022.21.490.5131.171.150.5740.61Calcium-11500043800494001560012300--29000--1720016800225001970046300435003070032700122001600001520002070021700Chromium1126.437.942.625.7256194.258719.418.523.125.430.729.9393114.947.852.717.617.6Cobalt97.3414.216.611.610.5421.35512.612.912.513.51312.210.79.183.44.195.124.114.22Copper2027.539.24128.630.19212.491367.162.258.966.110498.479.262.617.840.34620.921HexavalentChromium0.40.4000.4000.4000.4000.4000.80.80.400-0.80.4000.4000.4000.4000.4000.