中国文化英语教程Unit-12

Unit12Music:GoverntheCountry,NourishtheMindLead-inTextstudyExercisesContentLead-inListentotwoaudioclipsandseewhetheryoucantellthenameofthepiecesmusic.ThreeStanzasofPlumBlossoms《梅花三弄》LoftyMountainsandFlowingWater《高山流水》IntroductionGovernanceTroughMusicConsolingtheMindwithMusicTextstudyIntroduction•ThetraditionofChinesemusicdatesbacktoremoteantiquity.•Governingthecountryandnourishingthemindthroughmusicaretwoofthemainfunctionsofthistradition.GovernanceTroughMusicAccordingtoancientChineseculture:•Ritualsprovidedthenormsofconductforpeople.Thegoaltomaintainsocialorder.•Musicwasforthemind’scultivationandexpression.•Itspurposewastoenhancepeople’soutlookonlifeandimbue(灌输)themwithenergyandcreativity,suchthattheycouldenjoyamoreharmoniousandhappierspirituallife.GovernanceTroughMusicThehighestlevelofancientChinesemusicwastorepresentspiritualharmonywithnature.Chimebells(编钟)FunctionofmusicinancientChinaMarquisYichimebellsGovernanceTroughMusicGovernanceTroughMusic•ChimebellswereatypicalmusicalinstrumentintheearlytimesofancientChina.•ChimebellswerefirstusedintheShangDynasty,andbecamequitepopularduringtheWesternZhouDynasty.Chimebells(编钟)GovernanceTroughMusic曾侯乙墓出土编钟ThefinesetofchimebellswasunearthedinHubeiProvincein1978,fromthetombofMarquisYi,alocallordinasmallstatecalledZengduringtheWarringStatesPeriod.MarquisYichimebellsGovernanceTroughMusicTheMarquisYichimebellsconsistof65bellsarrangedinthreerows.•Thefirstrowincludes19niubells(钮钟).•Thesecondandthirdrowsinclude45yongbells(甬钟).•Thereisaseparateandmuchlargerbellusedtoadjustpitch.GovernanceTroughMusicThebellsineachrowdifferfromoneanotherinshapeandsize,emanating(发出)differenttones.GovernanceTroughMusic•Theframeismadeofbronze,weighingasmuchasfivetonsormore.•Thetotalweightofthebellsismorethan440kilograms.•Thebellsbearinscriptionstotalingmorethan2,800Chinesecharactersrelatingtomusicandthemakingoftheinstrument.•Theframeiscarvedwithexquisitepatternsinrelief(浮雕)andfretwork(回纹细工).GovernanceTroughMusicInstrumentsofsuchascaleandsuchfinecraftsmanshipwerequiterareintheworldatthetime.GovernanceTroughMusic•Fivemusicianswereneededtoplaytheinstrument.•Eachbellproducestwotoneswhenstruckattherespectivesoundpointsasmarked.•Theentiresetofchimebellsisabletoproduceallthetonesofamodernpiano.GovernanceTroughMusic•MusicisameanstopromotepersonalcultivationandsocialharmonyinancientChinesesociety.•“MusicbringsharmonyisanimportantconceptthathasinfluencedChinesecultureforseveralthousandyears.FunctionofmusicinancientChina•Itstressesharmonyastheculture’scorevalue.Thetraditionguidingritualsandmusicisthatofaharmoniousworldorder.GovernanceTroughMusic“Musicaleducationenablespeopletopurifytheirminds.Ritualsareestablishedtotemperpeople’sconduct.Withmusicandrituals,peopleareimbuedwithclearer,moreintelligentandpeacefulminds.Theyalsoimprovetheirwaysandmanners.Thusthecountryenjoyspeace,withbeautyandcompassioncomplementingeachother.“乐行而志清，—Xunzi礼修而行成，(c.325-235BC)耳目聪明，agreatConfucian血气平和，thinkerofthe移风易俗，WarringStatesPeriod天下皆宁，美善相乐。ConsolingtheMindwithMusic•OnecannotdiscussChinesemusicwithoutmentioningaseven-stringedmusicalinstrument,theChinesezither(琴).•Itrepresentedthezenith(顶峰)ofcultivatedlearninginancienttimes,followedbygo(围棋),calligraphyandpainting.ConsolingtheMindwithMusicTheChinesezitherwasmoreofanindividualinstrumentforsolace(安慰)andpersonalappreciation.大圣遗音伏羲式琴唐Chinesezither(frontandback),saidtohavebeenhandeddownfromtheTangDynastyConsolingtheMindwithMusic•AsthemostancientinstrumentinChina,thezitherhaslongbeenafavoriteoftheliterati(文人学士)．•AncientChineseliteraticonsideredthezitheraprerequisitefortheircultivation.Itsbeautifulmelodieshelpedtomaintainpeaceandbalanceofthemind.ConsolingtheMindwithMusicAmbiance(氛围、环境)wasanimportantaspectinplayingtheChinesezither.•Byastreamofthemountains;•Insnow;•Onmoonlitnights,etc.TheChinesezithertendstocreateatranquilair.ConsolingtheMindwithMusic元朱德润松下吟琴图PlayingtheChineseZitherUnderPineTrees,byZhuDerun(1294—1365).YuanDynasty.Thepaintingevokesaharmoniousoutlook,asaspiredtobyChineseliterati,inwhichthemusicianisatonewithNature.ConsolingtheMindwithMusic明戴进《踏雪寻梅图》LookingforPlumBlossomsinSnow,byDaiJin,MingDynasty.Amanwithawalkingstickiscrossingasnow-coveredbridge.Apage(侍童)followshim,holdingazitherinhisarms.ThispaintingrepresentedadreamlandforancientChineseartistsandscholars.ConsolingtheMindwithMusicInaBambooForestSittingaloneinadeepbambooforest,Iplaymyzitherandwhistlealong.Nooneelsearound,Ihavethemoonforcompany.—WangWeiConsolingtheMindwithMusic•Thezitherwasalsoinstrumentalincommunicationbetweenancientscholarsandartists.ThreeStanzasofPlumBlossoms《梅花三弄》LoftyMountainsandFlowingWater《高山流水》ExercisesComprehensionCommunicationApplicationComprehensionI.SkimmingandScanningGothroughthepassagequicklyandjudgewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F)accordingtothepassage.TT___1)AccordingtoancientChinesepeople,musiccouldnotonlycultivatepeople’smind,butalsohelpgovernthecountry.___2)ChimebellswereonetypeofthesophisticatedChineseinstrumentsfromearlytimes.Comprehension____4)Theinscript