8. 定语从句I(关系代词引导)汇总

定语从句Ⅰ（关系代词引导）定语从句(Attributiveclause)概念:在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子。(在句子中作定语)Tomisasmartboy.Tomisaboywhoissmart.形容词作定语句子作定语,修饰boy,叫定语从句Tomisaboywhoissmart.先行词关系词定语从句关系代词关系副词which,who,whom,whose,thatwhere,when，whyRelatives(关系词)Usedfor（指代）Theclause（从句）从句缺_______或________从句缺少______whichthatwhowhomwhosewherewhenwhysth.sb./sth.sb.sb.sb./sth.aplacetimereason主语宾语状语关系代词关系副词assb./sth.解题步骤和关键1.分析定语从句的句子成分2.从句缺少主语或宾语，则用关系代词3.从句缺少状语，则用关系副词判断缺不缺宾语或主语？①Thisisthefactory___________Iusedtoworkin.②Johnisreadingabook_________belongstome.③Thevillage______Ivisitedyesterdayisbeautiful.that/whichwhich/thatwhichvi.+prep.缺少宾语缺少主语缺少宾语考点难点归纳1.that&which2.介词+关系代词3.whose的用法that1.that与which①Doyouhaveanything______youdon’tunderstand?先行词是everything,nothing,anything,something,much,little,none等不定代词，引导定语从句用that。whichwhom②Herbag,in_______sheputallhermoney,hasbeenlost.③Thisistheboywith_______hetalked.在介词后面，指事物用which，指人用whom。④I’vereadallthebooks______youlentme.先行词被any,some,no,much,few,little,every,all,very,only,last等修饰时,引导定语从句用that。that⑤ThisisthebestTV_____ismadeinChina.先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时，引导定语从句用that。that只用that的情况：1.先行词是everything,nothing,anything，something,much,little,none等不定代词2.先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰3.先行词被any,some,no,much,few,little,every,all,very,only,last等修饰4.先行词中既有人又有物5.who/which等作先行词时只用which的情况:1.在介词后面，指事物用which,指人用whom2.非限制定语从句中3.代指整件事，与as区别whomtowhom2.如何判断介词Theoldman______Iamlookingafterisbetter.Theoldman_________Iamtalkingisbetter.3.whose的使用Thehouse_____isbrokenismine.A.whosewindowB.thewindowofwhichC.ofwhichthewindowD.thewindowofwhom4.as的使用Theearthisround,___weallknow.___isknowntoall,theearthisround___isknowntoallthattheearthisround.asAsItwhichAsas/which1.Itisusefultomasteraforeignlanguage,______istrue.2.___everyonehoped,Maryhaswonthefirstprize.which一般在句中,而as可在句首、句中,具有“正如”之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的。课堂训练1.Thesciencemuseum,______wevisitedduringarecenttriptoBritain,isoneofLondon’stouristattractions.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.where2.Iwillneverforgetthedays______wespenttogether.A.whenB.thatC.inwhichD.onwhich3.Wedon’tbelievethereason______heexplainedatthemeeting.A.whyB.forwhichC.thatD.inwhichBCA4.TheEnglishplay_____mystudentsactedattheNewYear’spartyturnedouttobeagreatsuccess.A.inwhichB.forwhichC.onwhichD.atwhich5.TheCCTVTower,_____baseisusedasabigelectricalequipmentshop,attractscountlesstravelerseveryday.A.whereB.whichC.whoseD.its6.Myglasses,_____Icouldseenothing,felltothegroundandbroke.A.whichB.withwhichC.withoutwhichD.that1.(2014·山东高考)Acompanyprofitsfromhomemarketsaredecliningmayseekopportunitiesabroad.A.whichB.whoseC.whoD.why【解析】选B。考查定语从句。句意:来自国内市场的利润在下降的公司可以寻求国外机会。定语从句中缺少引导词且修饰名词profits,关系代词whose修饰从句中的名词profits且引导定语从句修饰先行词acompany,故选B。【高考链接】2.(2014·江西高考)Amongthemanydangerssailorshavetoface,probablythegreatestofallisfog.A.whichB.whatC.whereD.when【解析】选A。考查定语从句。句意:在这么多水手要面对的危险中,最大的危险可能就是雾了。which指代先行词themanydangers,在定语从句中作face的宾语。3.(2014·重庆高考)We’llreachthesalestargetsinamonthwesetatthebeginningoftheyear.A.whichB.whereC.whenD.what【解析】选A。考查定语从句。句意:我们一个月内就可以达到年初设定的销售目标了。根据句子结构和句意可知,用定语从句,先行词为thesalestargets,在从句中作动词set的宾语,引导词可用that/which或省略。4.(2014·陕西卷·13)Pleasesendusalltheinformationyouhaveaboutthecandidatefortheposition.A.thatB.whichC.asD.what【解析】选A。考查定语从句。句意:请把你掌握的有关这个岗位人选的所有信息发给我们。分析句子成分可知,从句中缺“have”的宾语,故用关系代词,information被不定代词all修饰,故用that,而不用which。5.(2013·安徽高考)MoYanwasawardedtheNobelPrizeforLiteraturein2012,madeoneoftheChinesepeople’slong-helddreamscometrue.A.itB.thatC.whatD.which【解析】选D。考查定语从句。句意:2012年莫言被授予诺贝尔文学奖,这使得中国人民多年以来的一个梦想实现了。本题考查非限制性定语从句,先行词是前面整句话的内容,关系代词which在从句中作主语,that不能引导非限制性定语从句。6.(2013·湖南高考)Happinessandsuccessoftencometothose______aregoodatrecognizingtheirownstrengths.A.whomB.whoC.whatD.which【解析】选B。考查定语从句。句意:幸福与成功通常降临于那些擅长于认识到自己的长处的人。who在句中引导定语从句,且在从句中作主语,符合题目结构。whom引导定语从句也修饰人,但是在从句中作宾语或用于介词+whom结构中。7.(2013·重庆高考)Johninvitedabout40peopletohiswedding,mostof______arefamilymembers.A.themB.thatC.whichD.whom【解析】选D。考查定语从句。句意:约翰邀请了大约40人来参加他的婚礼,其中大多数都是他的家人。先行词为40people,在定语从句中作of的宾语并指人,用关系代词whom,故选D;A项为代词,放入之后前后为两个完整的句子,两个完整句子不可仅用逗号隔开,需在两句中间加入连词才对;B项that一般不放在介词后面;C项which指代物。8.(2013·福建高考)Thebooktellsstoriesoftheearthquakethroughtheeyesofthose_____liveswereaffected.A.whoseB.thatC.whoD.which【解析】选A。考查定语从句。句意:这本书通过那些生命受到影响的人的见证讲述了地震的故事。由句式结构可知those后为定语从句,先行词是those,空格处在从句中作lives的定语,故用关系词whose。9.(2013·山东高考)Thereisnosimpleanswer,_______isoftenthecaseinscience.A.asB.thatC.whenD.where【解析】选A。考查定语从句。句意:没有一个简单的答案,这在科学领域里是常有的事。as引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作主语,代替前面的情况,意为“正如,正像”。10.(2012·陕西高考)Itisthethirdtimethatshehaswontherace,_______hassurprisedusall.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.what【解析】选C。考查定语从句中关系词的选择。句意:这是她第三次赢得比赛了,这让我们大家都很惊讶。分析句子结构可知这是一个非限制性定语从句,排除A项和D项(that不能引导非限制性定语从句;what只能引导名词性从句);又因为定语从句中缺主语,所以排除B项;C项which可引导非限制性定语从句,代表整个主句的内容,翻译为“这,这一点”。所以C项符合题意。11.(2012·安徽高考)Alotoflanguagelearning,______hasbeendiscovered,ishappeninginthefirstyearoflife,soparentsshouldtalkmuchtotheirchildrenduringthatperiod.A.asB.itC.whichD.this【解析】选A。考查定语从句。句意:正如已经发现的那样,大量的语言学习发生在出生后的第一年,所以在那一时期父母应该多和孩子交谈。根据句子结构可知,本题是考查引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词,在句中作主语,指代主句整个句子的内容。A项可引导非限制性定语从句,意为“正如”;B项不能用于定语从句;C项虽然也能用于非限制性定语从句,但常常放在整个主句之后;D项也不能用于定语从句。