基于MATLAB光伏电池最大功率点跟踪算法的研究

I摘要在绿色再生能源得到广泛应用的今天，太阳能因为其独特的优势而得到青睐。但因为光伏电池的输出特性受外界环境因素影响大，而且，光伏电池的光电转换效率低且价格昂贵，光伏发电系统的初期投入较大，为有效利用太阳能，需要对光伏发电系统加以有效的控制。本文着重对光伏阵列的最大功率点跟踪控制技术进行了详细的理论分析，建立了MATLAB仿真模型，提出了相应的控制策略，并进行了实验验证。首先，本文对光伏发电系统的组成进行了分析，光伏发电系统主要包括光伏阵列、电力电子变换器、储能系统和负载等。根据光伏发电系统和电网的关系，还可以把它分为独立发电系统和并网发电系统。然后，本文对光伏电池的电气特性进行了分析，并建立了光伏电池的仿真模型。同时，本文对常用的最大功率点跟踪（MPPT）方法：导纳增量法（IncrementalConductance）、扰动观测法（P&O）进行了仔细的分析，并提出了改进的方法：通过模糊控制实现占空比跟踪的方法。这些方法各有千秋，在不同的应用场合各有所长。关键词：光伏电池；最大功率点跟踪；爬山法；电导增量法；模糊控制；MATLAB/SIMULINK仿真；IIABSTRACTWiththegreenandrenewableenergybewidelyused,solarenergyisacceptedcommonlybecauseofitsunusualadvantages.Buttheoutputofphotovoltaic(PV)arrayisinfluencedbytheenvironmentalfactors,andPVarrayhaverelativelylowconversionefficiencyandisexpensive.Inordertoreducetheoverallsystemcostandextractthemaximumpossiblesolarenergy,weshouldcontrolthePVsystemeffectively.ThispaperfocusesonMPPTcontroltechniquesofPVarray,analysesthetheoryparticularly,establishessimulationmodelwithMATLABsoftware,presentscontrolstrategiesrelevantly,andvalidatedbyexperimentalresults.Firstly,thispaperanalysesthecomposingofthePVsystem.ItiscomposedbyPVarray、powerelectronicsconverters、powerstoragesystemandloads.WecandividethePVsystemintotwotypes:stand-alonePVsystemandgrid-connectedPVsystembytherelationshipwiththegrid.Secondly,thispaperanalysestheelectricalcharacteristicsofPVcellandestablishessimulationmodel,andalsoanalysescommonlyusedMPPTmethods,suchasIncrementalConductancemethod、P&Omethod.Andthenpresentsthreeimprovedmethods:OpenCircuitmethod、OptimalGradientmethod、Three-PointWeightComparisonmethod.Thesemethodseachhashisstrongpointandcanbeusedindifferentfield.Keywords：Photovoltaiccell，MPPT，P&Q,IncrementalConductancemethod,Fuzzycontroller，MATLAB/SIMULINK.III目录摘要（中文）…………………………………………...……………………………………...I（英文）………………………………………………...…………………………….…..II第一章概述.....................................................11．1研究背景.........................................................................................................................11．2研究现状.........................................................................................................................11．2．1光伏电源系统...........................................................................................................11．2．2最大功率点跟踪...............................................................................................11．2．3电力电子仿真工具...........................................................................................11．3研究内容.........................................................................................................................21．4研究意义.........................................................................................................................21．5实现方法及预期目标.....................................................................................................3第二章光伏电池特性的研究...................................................................................32．1光伏电池的分类..............................................................................................................32．2光伏电池的工作原理.....................................................................................................42.2.1P-N结简介..............................................................................................................42.2.2光伏电池的工作原理.............................................................................................52．3光伏电池的电气特性.....................................................................................................52．3．1光伏电池输出特性方程...................................................................................52．3．2光伏电池模组与阵列.......................................................................................72．4光伏电池的仿真实现......................................................................................................82．4．1仿真原理与模型................................................................................................82．4．2光伏电池的特性分析.....................................................................................102．5小结...............................................................................................................................13第三章最大功率点跟踪算法的研究.................................................................133．1光伏系统的最大功率点跟踪.......................................................................................133．2常用的最大功率点跟踪算法.......................................................................................153．2．1爬山法(P＆O）............................................................................................153．2．2爬山法仿真结果及其分析...........................................................................183．2．3导纳增量（IncrementalConductance）法.....................................................193．2．4导纳法仿真结果及其分析..............................................................................213．3优缺点分析...................................................................................................................223．3．1爬山法分析...........................