中国深海采矿技术的发展

.*陈新明(,410012):我国深海采矿技术的研究历经15年的发展,基本完成了深海多金属结核开采专有技术体系的构建及主要装备的研制在解析发展背景总结技术进步的基础上,对如何加快我国发展深海采矿技术提出了新的见解:深海采矿;矿物资源;开采技术;深海产业;区域:TD857:A:1005-2763(2006)S1-0040-09DevelopmentofDeep-seaMiningTechnologyinChinaChenXinming(ChangshaInstituteofMiningResearch,Changsha,Hunan410012,China)Abstract:Deep-seaminingtechnologyhasbeenstudiedfor15yearsinChina.Building-upofproprietarytechnologysystemfordeep-seapoly-metalnodulesmininganddevelopmentofmainequipmenthavebeencompletedbasically.Basedondescribingthedevelopmentbackgroundofdeep-seaminingandsummingupitstechnicaladvancements,authorprovidessomenewviewpointsforhowtoquickendevelopmentofChinas'deep-seaminingtechnology.KeyWords:Deepseamining,Mineralresources,Miningtechnology,Deep-seaindustry,Area0绪言3.6km2,71%1994(),(),2.517km2,49%,,,,,,,1978,4,4784m,199135,()1990,,19919(1991~2005)15,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,1发展背景1.12006年10月长沙矿山研究院建院50周年院庆论文集Oct.2006*:2006-07-14:(1956-),,,,,.:50,,,1970,,1994,20,,,,,,2007:(Cicero):,,20!∀21!∀,,(),19913,1996B,2004A,!∀,19997.5km2,,,,,,(),80,,,(),,1.2:,,,,,,,,,,1.00%,0.22%,1.30%,25.00%;,1.7%,1.1%,1.3%,0.1%~0.3%;,3.3%,5.5%~40.0%,1.4%~55.0g/,t42.0%~129.0g/;t67%,42%,13.6%,58.3%,72.7%,700t1.8#108~2.1#108,t15t2500,t14t:7.5km2,4.2t41陈新明:中国深海采矿技术的发展,11175.52t,406.40t,514.42t,98.49t,300t20,14~19,7~12,40~501.3,1970,,,,,1.3.1(1)Mero1960,3,,(2)(CLB)1967,,1973,19681970,1410m3760~4500m,,20CLB,19728,1973919745,CLB,,1970(3)1972,,,1980,Vertut,,(550t),,,,,(4)3,,,,,,419741(KCON),1978-5000m197410(OMA)3,1978,-,22h,500,t1119752(OMI)1978-,/-/,3,40h,5200m800t197711(OMCO)319781800m,19793-/5000m1972-,19761984,,198542矿业研究与开发院庆论文集1970,-1990()1987199079m,-,7.2t/h20009400~500m,,,,,,1.3.22080,,,1990,,,,,2010,,,,2015,,1.4,,,2004,:10a,7a,9a,50a200460%,40%,15%,50%2010,440%~60%,,,,,2技术进步2.1,,15,,,2.1.1199710,,4,;,,15%~20%300t1999,():,150t(50%,);,43陈新明:中国深海采矿技术的发展1∃10,15t(250d20h),30;t,--,,20014200211000m200411,1000m:----2.1.2(1),,,,4:-(360%)--(),,200m,:,:,,,,,,(2),:;;();;;;,,,:;;;;;;;;;;,;;;;,:;1000m;;;;2.1.3(1)3:,-1996,:5.2~8.4t/h,&80%,&85%,2~10cm,0~0.95m/s,4,t8,t35kW,4.6m#3.0m#2.1m44矿业研究与开发院庆论文集:1996,-:,3415mm#2440mm#2100mm(##),22kW(2)4::30t/h,&80%,&85%,2~10cm,0~1m/s,15,t30,t385kW,9.5m#5.3m#3.2m:5m#2m#2m,4.5,t43m,140kW:3,20t:380t400kW,(3)3:,,::,420m3/h,80mH2O2.1.41980JaronLanier,,,,2001,1000m,1000m,,;,2.1.5,,(1)4000m2,500m25:56m#10m#3m,,5,t:20m#3m#1.8m,,,,:2,340m2180m2,20t5t,500kW380/3000V:30m,14,,:50m#20m,0.5m,,,(),(2)45陈新明:中国深海采矿技术的发展:8000m2,3200m2(80m#40m)540m2(36m#15m)60m#50m#5m(##)35t,ROVAUA0%~90%:,,,2.1.6,,480~150m2001623,,817~21911~18,,,130m,900kg,2.2!∀,,,,,(1),(2)4,ROV,(3),1998,2003,2005,,,:3思考,,15,,,,,,,,,,,,3.1,()!∀21,,15,46矿业研究与开发院庆论文集,,,,,!∀,,4,;,;,;3.2,,,,2020,,,(),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,3.3,(,6),2005721,8,,,,,,,,,,;,,,,47陈新明:中国深海采矿技术的发展,,,,;,,,,;,,,,,,3.4,15,,,,,5~15,,,!∀,,:[1].[R].:,2000.[2].[M].:,2006.[3],,,.[M].:,2005.[4].[R].:,1997.[5],.[M].:,1994.(18)!∀,346结论,:(1),,,,(2),,-,,,(3),,,,,,:[1],,.[A].[C].:,2004,(Sup.):51~5.48矿业研究与开发院庆论文集