中国矿业废弃地的复垦对策研究_

19220006EcologicScienceVol119No12Mar12000:100828873(2000)0220024206()X,,(,510275):,:,:;;:X17114:A,,,,,,,,1,[1]8000,23[2],288hm2,4167hm2,,16200hm2,,90%,26000t,10t,7hm2,59%,20%,13%,5%,3%[3]X:(39470146);(940179):1999212229:(1968),,:.,,,,,,,,,,,,,1012km,300t/hm2,27%29%[4],10%[1],,,500100[1],90,300[4]2,,,,,,,,,,,[5,6][59]:,1983,6hm2,60%80%,3%;,1978,51hm2,24%;(),1962,9515hm2,5819%;,19833,1,90%,1km2;,70,2227hm2,11%14%;,,,;,1984;,1977hm2,,;,60,20;,1983;,1981,30%50%;,19824,60%,,;,1982,211hm2,112hm2;,,198233hm2,;,1986,,20hm260cm,,;,1983,,,,1989,,,1996,;,1996,,(1020cm)(30522:()cm);,,;,80,205080,,[1,58]198810,,19891991,23,1992313hm219943,630%65%,85%,73%,55%,69%,[5],80,017%1%,80,2%,90,6167%,1994,13133%,,,50%,[1012]380,90,,[9,1317]:;;,;;,[1825]:;,;,;,;;;;,10,,,62194,,,198810,,1989116:,;;;;;,,,,()[3]1994,19991,,5511,,,,,,21,,[5]:,;;;,,;;;512,,,,,,,,[1,6,9,24,26](1)(),:,(2),,,,,(,)(722:())(3),(4),,,,(5),,,(6),(7)-(8),6,,;,,,,,,,:;,:[1],,.[A].:.[M].:,1993.[2]YOUNGK.Destructionofecologicalhabitatsbyminingactivities[J].AgriculturalEcology,1988,16:3740.[3]GAOL.EnvironmentalManagementandpollutioncontrolinmine2AcasestudyonnonferrousmetalindustryofChina[A].SymposiumofRestorationandManagementofMinedLands:PrinciplesandPractice[C].Guangzhou,1996.[4],,,.[A].:()..(:),1999.415425.[5].[A].:[C].1999.14.[6].[M].:,1991.8219[7].[M].:,1992.[8].[M].:,1992.[9].[M].:,1993.[10]BRADSHAWAD,CHADWICKMJ.Therestorationofland:theecologicalandreclamationofderelictandde2gradedland[M].Califorlia:UniversityofCaliforliaPress,BlackwellScientificPublications,1980.[11]HARRISJA,BIRCHP,PALMERJ.Landrestortionandreclamation[M].AddisonWesleyLongman,1996.[12]HOSSNERLR.Reclamationofsurface2minedlands[M].Florida:CRCPress,1988.[13].[M].:,1996.[14].[J].,1997,11(2):2429.[15].[M].:,1995.[16],,.[J].,1999,19(1):4951.[17],,,.[J].,1999,13(1):1014.[18]ZHANGZQ,LANCY,WONGMH.RevegetationofPb/Znminetailings:germinationandseedlingestablish2mentofplants[J].LandContamination&Reclamation,1996,4(4):269279.[19]ZHANGZQ,WONGMH,NIEXP,etal.Effectsofzinconrhizobia2earlefacacia(Acaciaauriculaeformis)aymbioticassociation[J].BioresourceTechnology,1998,64(2):97104.[20],,.[J].,1996,16(6):461465.[21],,.[J].,1996,15(2):5559.[22],,,.[J].,1999,19(5):402405.[23],,.[J].,1997,8(3):314318.[24],,,.[A].[C],1999.259267.[25],..[J].,1994,5(1):5256.[26],.[J].,1998,12(3):4953.StrategiesforRestorationofMiningWastelandsinChina()SHUWen2sheng,ZHANGZhi2quan,LANChong2yu(SchoolofLifeSciences,ZhongshanUniversity,Guangzhou510275)Abstract:Thecurrentsituationsandenvironmentalimpactsofminingwastelandsofchinaarere2viewed.TheprogressandshortcomingintheoreticalresearchescodeconstructionandpracticesinrestorationofminingwastelandsinChinaduringthepastseveraldecadesarediscussed.Meanwhile,itissuggestedthatresearchingrestorationtechniquesaccordingtothesituationofChina,effectivelypro2motingthecombinationoftheoreticalresearchandpractice,revisingandperfectingthepresentrestora2tioncodesarethemostimportantfundamentalforenhancingtherestorationofminingwastelandsinChina.Keywords:miningwastelands;restoration;strategy922:()