大学英语翻译 被动语态

被动句的翻译英汉两种语言相比，英语多用被动语态，而汉语则少用。有人统计，《水浒传》全书仅用了１２０个被动语态，而下段英语文字的１４个谓语动词，其中１３个使用了被动语态，而相应的汉译则找不到被动句的踪影。•ASoilisfounddeepinthegrounditspresencecannotbedeterminedbyastudyofthesurface.Consequently,ageologicalsurveyoftheundergroundrocksstructuremustbecarriedout.Ifitisthoughtthattherocksinacertainareacontainsoil,a“drillingrig”isassembled.Themostobviouspartofadrillingrigiscalled“aderrick”.Itisusedtoliftsectionsofpipe,whicharelowedintotheholemadebythedrill.Astheholeisbeingdrilled,asteelpipeispusheddowntopreventthesidesfromfallingin.Ifoilisstruck,acoverisfirmlyfixedtothetopofthepipeandtheoilisallowedtoescapethroughaseriesofvalves.•因为石油深埋在地下，光靠研究地面，不能确定石油的有无。因此，对地下岩层结构必须进行地质勘探。如果认为某地区的岩层含有石油，那就在该处安装“钻机”。钻机中最显眼的部件叫“井架”。井架用来吊升分节油管，把油管放入由钻头打出的孔中。当孔钻成时，放入钢管防止孔壁坍塌。如发现石油，则在油管顶部紧固地加盖，使石油通过一系列阀们流出来。汉语的被动式早在古代汉语中就使用，但不多见，且一般是表示不幸或不愉快的事情或经历，如“被高铁，被留级，被裁员,被山寨”等。•英译汉中最常犯的毛病是“被”字结构使用太频繁．凡是看到被动语态，马上就与“被”字联系起来，造成译文非常别扭．•Unlesssomethingismoved,noworkisdone.除非某种东西被移动，否则功不会被完成．•Onlyobjectsstruckbythelightarevisible.只有被光明照到的东西才能被看见．上两句一定要用“被”字吗？•除非某种物体发生了移动，否则就没有功．•只有光可照射到的物质才可见．•必须译为“被”字结构或相似的结构，如“叫．．．，让．．．，给．．．，受到．．．，遭到．．．，为．．．所”等等．例如：Over-seasChinesearenolongerlookeddownupon.Sheisrespectedbyeveryone.Theplanwillbeexaminedbyaspecialcommittee.•Itappearsthathewasindeedisolated,targeted,pickedonbecauseheisbony,called“freak”,bulliedandhumiliated.他看来确实遭到了孤立，受到了攻击；他因为骨瘦如柴而受人捉弄，他被人称为“怪物”备受欺负和羞辱。•译成汉语主动句1.DiplomaticrelationshavebeenestablishedbetweenChinaandtheUnitedStatesofAmerica.中美已经建立了外交关系．2.Visitorsarerequestedtoshowtheirtickets.来宾请出示入场票．3.Somethinghasbeensaidheretonightthatoughtnottohavebeenspoken.今晚有人在此讲了不该讲的话．•Atthepartyonlyteaandcakesareserved.茶会上只招待茶和饼．•Theceremonywasshortenedbyrain.因为下雨，会议举行得非常简短．•JohnactuallylovedMaryandwaslovedinreturn.约翰真的爱玛丽，玛丽也爱约翰．•Myholidaysafternoonswerespentinramblingaboutthesurroundingcountryside.每逢假日的下午，我总要漫游周围的乡村．1.Themechanismbywhichbraincellstorememoriesisnotclearlyunderstood.B.脑细胞储存记忆的机理不为人完全了解。A1.脑细胞存储信息的机制尚不十分清楚。A2.目前还不十分清楚脑细胞如何存储2.Marketingisseenasthetaskoffindingandstimulatingbuyersforthefirm’soutput.C.营销被认为是为公司的产品寻找买主并鼓励购买。A.一般认为，营销是指为公司的产品寻找买主并鼓励其购买。•英语中有一类以it作形式主语的英语句子，在译成汉语时常要译成主动语态，有时不加主语，有时则加上不确定的主语．Itishoped…希望．．．Itisreportedthat…据报道．．．Itissaidthat…据说．．．Itissupposedthat…据推测．．．Itisadmittedthat…必须承认．．．Itmustbepointedthat…必须指出．．．•Itisbelievedthat…有人认为•Itisgenerallyconsideredthat…有人认为．．．•Itiswell-knownthat…众所周知．．．•Candidatesarerequiredtopresentthemselvesfifteenminutesbeforetheexaminationbegins.考生应于１５分钟前到达．•Itisconsideredofnouselearningatheorywithoutpractice.人们认为脱离实践学理论毫无用处．•IrememberbeingtakentoBeijingbymyfatherthatyear.我记得那年父亲带我去北京．•Allthedataavailableshouldbecollectedandstudiedwithcarebeforeoneworksatatheory.在制订理论前，应当认真收集和研究所有现有的数据和资料．•Smokersmustbewarnedthatdoctorshavereachedtheconclusionthatsmokingincreasesthepossibilityoflungcancer.必须警告吸烟者，医生已经得出结论，吸烟会增加患肺癌的可能性．•Wrongsmustberightedwhentheyarediscovered.发现了错误一定要改正．1.汽车损坏严重，已无法修理，而驾驶者却安然无恙，这真是个奇迹。（一个句子）2.由于大人们工作忙，常常把孩子交给外人照顾，而外人很少能像富有献身精神的爷爷奶奶，外公外婆那样爱孩子。（利用被动语态，定语从句，介词等）3.如果不按时将书归还图书馆或到期不续借，就得按规定罚款．4.合资企业的一切活动都应遵守中华人民共和国法律。5.在双语教育中，学生们在班上学习英语，而其它各门学科都通过母语学习。•Itwasawonderthatthecarwasseverelydamagedbeyondanymeansofrepairwhilethedriverwassafeandsound.•Withadultssobusy,childrenareoftenleftinthecareofstrangers,whoseldomprovidetheaffectionthatdevotedgrandparentscan.•Ifbooksarenotreturnedtothelibraryontimeornotrenewedbeforetheyaredue,afinemustbepaidinaccordancewiththeregulations.4.AlltheactivitiesofajointventureshallbegovernedbythelawsofthePeople’sRepublicofChina.5.Inbilingualeducation,studentsaretaughtacademicsubjectsintheirnativelanguagesatthesametimethattheystudyEnglishinESLclass.•1.Somebooksaretobetasted,otherstobeswallowed,andsomefewtobechewedanddigested.书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则须咀嚼消化。Manystrangenewmeansoftransporthavebeendevelopedinourcentury.Itisrumouredthattheaccidentwasduetonegligence..Lastyeartheregionwasvisitedbytheworstdroughtin60years.Thefamoushotelhadbeenpracticallydestroyedbythebigfire.IwassoimpressedbythesewordsthatIusedthemlaterforaChristmascard.