健身气功作用和机理探索

目录(Menu)传统医学探究培补元气平衡阴阳疏通经络调和气血调整脏腑现代医学研究增强生理机能增进心理健康改善血液生化指标第一节传统医学探究一、培补元气-Increasevitalenergy中医认为，气是构成人体的最基本的物质基础，也是人体生命活动的最基本物质。人体的各种生命活动均可以用气的运动变化来解释。TraditionalChineseMedicine(TCM)believeQiisabasiccomponentofthebodyandmaintainthelifeactivities.AlllifeactivitiescanbeexplainedbythechangesofQimovements.气的生成来自于三个方面：Qicomesfromthreesources:1.先天之精气：即受之于父母的先天禀赋之气。其生理功能的发挥有赖于肾藏精气；Vitalsubstance:Inheritsfromone’sparentsbeforebirth.2.水谷之精气：即饮食水谷经脾胃运化后所得的营养物质；Foodessence:Nutritiongainedthroughdigestions.3.吸入之清气：即由肺吸入的自然界的清气。Airessence:breathfreshairfromthenature.气的运动被称为气机，气的功能是通过气机来实现的。ThemovementofQiiscalled“functionalactivitiesofQi”.ThevariousfunctionsofQiareperformedbyitsmovement.例如，肺呼气为出，吸气为入，宣发为升，肃降为降。又如，脾主升清，胃主降浊。气机的升降出入应当保持协调、平衡，这样才能维持正常的生理活动FourbasicwaysofQimovement:Ascending,Descending,ExitingandEntering.ItshowsthroughphysiologicalfunctionsofZangFu,meridiansandcollaterals,tissuesandorgans气的运动的基本形式包括升、降、出、入四个方面，并体现在脏腑、经络、组织、器官的生理活动之中。Forexample,exhalingisexiting,inhalingisentering,dispersingisascendingandkeepingtheinspiredairflowingdownwardisdescending.QiofspleenistoascendandQiofstomachistodescend.Thecoordination&balanceoffourmovementscankeepthephysiologicalfunctionsremainingnormal.元气的概念：是人体生命活动的原始动力，由先天之精所化生，又受后天水谷之精气不断补充和培养。ConceptofInbornQi:Motivationpowerofthevitalactivitiesofhumanbody.Itcomesfromtheinnateessence,andbeingnourishedcontinuouslybytheacquiredessencedevelopedfromfood.元气是人体中最基本、最重要的,根源于肾，包括元阴、元阳之气。元气在生命之初，源于父母之精，是生命物质系统中最高层次、最根本的气，对人体的代谢和机能起推动和调节作用。InbornQiisthemostfundamentalandimportantofall.It’sfromthekidney,includingInbornQiofYinandYang.InbornQiistheinnatevitalsubstanceinheritsfromparents.It’sthemosttopandfundamentallevelofqiwithinthesystemoflivesandmaterials.Itcanimproveandadjustthemetabolism&functionsofhumanbody.健身气功的锻炼，非常重视培补人体元气。HealthQigongfocusonbuilduptheInbornQi.练功的意守丹田，运动过程中的腰脊运动，都围绕腰部运动。由于先天之精藏于肾，肾位于腰部，腰部运动、意守丹田和呼吸锻炼，使肾中元精益固，“精化为气”，元气自充。ThepracticeofmindfocusingonDanTian,andlowerbackmovementslinktothebackexercise.Vitalsubstanceisstoredinthekidney,kidneyisintheloinsattheback.Backexercise,mindfocusingonDanTian,andbreathingexercisecanfixandimprovetheinbornessenceinthekidney.InbornQicanbeincreasedwhentheessencebeingtransferredintoQi.二、平衡阴阳BalanceofYinandYang阴阳是中国古代哲学的范畴。阴阳的最初涵义表示阳光的向背，向日为阳，背日为阴.YinandYangwasoriginallyincludedinthecategoryoftheancientphilosophyofChina.Atfirst,itmeanswhetheraplacefacingthesunornot.TheplacebeingexposedtothesunisYang,whereastheplacenothavingasouthernexposureisYin.后来引申为气候的寒暖，方位的上下、左右、内外，运动状态的躁动和宁静等。Itextendstothecoldnessandhotnessofweather,upwardsanddownwards,leftandright,inwardsandoutwardsofaposition,excitingandquietduringsportingetc.阴阳学说认为，世界是物质性的整体，自然界的任何事物都包括着阴和阳相互对立的两个方面，而对立的双方又是相互统一的。TheworldisconsideredasawholeofmaterialsaccordingtothetheoryofYinandYang.EverythinginthenaturecontainstheoppositeandunitedrelationbetweenYinandYang.阴阳的对立统一运动，是自然界一切事物发生、发展、变化及消亡的根本原因。Themovementsofopposition&unityofYinandYangisthebasicreasonthatthingsappear,develop,changeanddisappearsinthenature.阴阳的矛盾对立统一运动规律是自然界一切事物运动变化固有的规律，世界本身就是阴阳二气对立统一运动的结果。Therulesofopposition&unityofYinandYangistheoneeverythingfollowsinthenature.Theworldistheresultofthesemovements.阴和阳，既可以表示相互对立的事物，又可用来分析一个事物内部所存在着的相互对立的两个方面。YinandYangcanrepresentoppositethings.Italsocanbeusedtoanalysetheoppositerelationswithinanitem.一般来说，凡是剧烈运动着的、外向的、上升的、温热的、明亮的，都属于阳；相对静止着的、内守的、下降的、寒冷、晦暗的，都属于阴。Normally,allthatare:moving,outwards,rising,warmandhot,brightandclearbelongtoYang;whilestable,inwards,falling,coldandcool,darkbelongtoYin.以天地而言，天气轻清为阳，地气重浊为阴；以水火而言，水性寒而润下属阴，火性热而炎上属阳。Airislightandclear----Yang;gasisheavyandturbid----Yin.Wateriscoldandrunningdownward----Yin;fireishotandburningupward------Yang.1、动作有阴阳之分：静为阴，动为阳；起势和收功要求分脚站立，意守丹田，保持安稳姿势；而运动过程则要求绵绵不断，势势相连。MovementsaredistinguishedbyYinandYang:stableisYin,movingisYang.StartingandfinishingtheQigongpracticerequire:standingbyusingdifferentlegs,mindfocusingonDanTian,keepingthepositionstableandcontinuationduringthemovements.2、动作方位的上下阴阳之分：动作向上为阳，动作向下为阴。MovingupwardsisYang,movingdownwardisYin.3、动作的前后有阴阳之分：动作向前为阳，动作向后为阴。MovingforwardisYang;movingbackwardisYin.健身气功是如何平衡阴阳的HowHealthQigongbalanceYinandYang4、劲力有阴阳之分：蓄力为阴，发力为阳。HoldingforceisYin;releasingforceisYang.5、呼吸有阴阳之分：呼气为阳，吸气为阴。Breathing:exhalingisYang;inhalingisYin.6、意念运用有阴阳之分：意念向上为阳，意念向下为阴，意念内收为阴，意念放开为阳。MindfocusingupwardisYang;focusingdownwardisYin.MindadductionisYin,openingmindisYang.运用阴阳平衡规律指导练功，体会健身气功调整姿势、呼吸锻炼、意念运用的和谐统一，可以有效地提高练功效果。ItcaneffectivelyimprovetheresultofpracticefollowingrulesofYinandYangbalancetofeeltheharmony&unityofadjustingposture,breathingexercise,andminddrivingbyHealthQigong.三、疏通经络Openmeridiansandcollaterals经络的概念：经络遍布全身，是人体气、血、津液运行的通道，是联络五脏六腑的生理结构。Conceptsofmeridiansandcollaterals:meridiansandcollateralsaredistributedoverthewholebody.TheyarethechannelsQi,blood,bodyfluidrunthrough.TheylinkthefiveZangandsixFutogether.经络有广泛而重要的生理作用，概括起来，经络有运行气血，营内卫外，联络脏腑，病邪传变，诊察病机等作用。Meridiansandcollateralsplayimportantrolesinthephysiologicalfunctions,includingmovingQiandblood,nourishinginsideandg