太阳能光伏发电系统的研究 毕业论文

毕业设计（2014届）题目太阳能光伏发电系统的研究学院物理电气信息学院专业电气工程与自动化年级10级学生学号学生姓名指师教师2014年5月10日物理电气信息学院本科毕业设计1摘要太阳能作为一种新型的绿色可再生能源，具有储量大、利用经济、清洁环保等优点。因此，太阳能光伏发电技术成为人们普遍关注的焦点，提高系统的整体效率便成为重中之重。本文主要是针对太阳能光伏发电系统中的最大功率点跟踪(MaximumPowerPointTracking,MPPT)与并网系统两方面进行研究。首先，概述了国内外太阳能光伏发电的现状和发展前景，以及光伏发电系统的结构组成和分类，使我们对光伏发电系统建立一个总体的认识；其次，对光伏电池及其特性做了简单介绍，分析了太阳能电池板的工作原理，得出了不同环境及不同日照强度下的太阳能电池输出特性曲线图，结果证明了太阳能电池的非线性；再其次，简要的介绍了最大功率点跟踪技术的原理及常规算法，通过MATLAB/Simulink对MPPT系统进行了建模、仿真，并对其结果进行分析，得出相应结论；最后，对光伏并网系统的原理及控制策略做了一定的介绍，并进行了建模与仿真。关键词：太阳能光伏发电蓄电池MATLAB仿真最大功率点并网发电物理电气信息学院本科毕业设计2AbstractAsanewtypeofgreenrenewableenergy,solarenergyhasadvantagesoflargereserves,usingeconomic,cleanenvironmentalprotection,etc.Therefore,solarphotovoltaictechnologybecomesthefocusofwidespreadconcern.Improvingtheoverallefficiencyofthesystemhasbecomeapriority.Thisarticleismainlyonthemaximumpowerpointtrackingforsolarphotovoltaicpowergenerationsystemsandgridsystem.Firstofall,thisarticleintroducesanoverviewofthecurrentsituationanddevelopmentprospectsofdomesticsolarphotovoltaicpowergeneration,aswellascompositionandclassificationofphotovoltaicsystems,photovoltaicsystemsenableustoestablishageneralunderstandingofphotovoltaicpowergenerationsystem;then,thearticletellsasimpleintroductionofphotovoltaiccellsanditsproperties,analysestheworkingprincipleofsolarpanels,itisconcludedthatthedifferentenvironmentandsunshineintensityofthesolarcelloutputcharacteristiccurve,theresultprovedthatthenonlinearsolarcells;nextfollowedbyabriefintroductiontotheprinciplesofmaximumpowerpointtrackingtechnologyandconventionalalgorithm.ThroughMATLAB/Simulink,theMPPTsystemwasmodeledandsimulated,thendrawtheappropriateconclusions.Finally,itmakesanintroductionoftheprincipleandcontrolstrategyofphotovoltaic(pv)gridsystem,thenamodelingandsimulation物理电气信息学院本科毕业设计3wascarriedout.KeyWords：SolarPhotovoltaicStorageBatteryMatlabSimulationGrid-ConnectedMaximunPowerPointTracing物理电气信息学院本科毕业设计4目录第一章绪论..................................................................................................................11.1课题背景与选题意义.........................................................................................11.1.1全球能源危机与环境问题..........................................................................11.1.2太阳能的开发与利用..................................................................................11.2国内外研究综述.................................................................................................31.2.1光伏发电的历史..........................................................................................31.2.2国内研究综述..............................................................................................31.2.3国外研究综述..............................................................................................41.3本文主要工作.....................................................................................................6第二章太阳能光伏发电系统概述..............................................................................72.1太阳能光伏发电系统的组成.............................................................................72.2太阳能光伏系统的分类.....................................................................................72.2.1独立型光伏发电系统..................................................................................72.2.2并网型光伏发电系统..................................................................................82.2.3混合型光伏发电系统..................................................................................82.3太阳能光伏发电系统的应用.............................................................................92.4光伏发电尚存在的问题.....................................................................................9第三章光伏电池及其特性........................................................................................113.1太阳能电池的分类...........................................................................................113.2太阳能电池的基本工作原理...........................................................................123.3太阳能电池的等效电路...................................................................................133.4太阳能电池的I-V特性...................................................................................14第四章最大功率点跟踪技术....................................................................................174.1MPPT算法的原理............................................................................................174.2MPPT常规跟踪算法........................................................................................184.2.1恒定电压法................................................................................................184.2.2扰动观察法................................................................................................19物理电气信息学院本科毕业设计54.2.3电导增量法................................................................................................204.3仿真分析...........................................................................................................22第五章光伏并网系统的研究....................................................................................245.1光伏发电并网的必要性......................