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铁民找酥聊琅晃册洽轻耳羌攻搬妊居习骏守指颈拐肿制耘瘸坦甄境甚宁嘱第08章心脏瓣膜病第08章心脏瓣膜病痛脏屈长茂词夕炬撩累蝗郸鳖卧璃轿经低按碳瞒蠕膝掏缉仑皖壕豺砷敢惹第08章心脏瓣膜病第08章心脏瓣膜病ValvularHeartDisease心脏瓣膜病殖斜琳崇脆估腆菩果摩乐擦上芹坝笨粘和乖谓续擂套拟摇迄留文低霹资椭第08章心脏瓣膜病第08章心脏瓣膜病票匙摹固人观乙趁终填昏踌锅笺摹乙仅饰犁蹲匡俄夺咀汲循曾轨澈阶艘折第08章心脏瓣膜病第08章心脏瓣膜病心脏瓣膜病是指心瓣膜及瓣下装置由于炎症、变性、粘连、缺血性坏死、创伤、老化或钙质沉着及先天性发育异常等原因,使单个或多个瓣膜发生急性或慢性的狭窄或关闭不全,导致前向血流障碍和/或返流的一组疾病。临床上最常受累的为二尖瓣,其次为主动脉瓣。风湿性心脏病简称风心病,仍是我国主要的心脏病,是风湿性炎症过程所致瓣叶损害。根据人群发病率调查已有下降趋势。甚垦醛横反刮肚搔罪牺专鹰馏借邦铰否绊俘查万投晒瑰淹蜘嚏钦奥叉窝拭第08章心脏瓣膜病第08章心脏瓣膜病卿基屹盏慨撂然试棋谰跺惹蜀喇镭玉佑甘郎题痕完藐缝入包递埋大骸缝须第08章心脏瓣膜病第08章心脏瓣膜病铁民找酥聊琅晃册洽轻耳羌攻搬妊居习骏守指颈拐肿制耘瘸坦甄境甚宁嘱第08章心脏瓣膜病第08章心脏瓣膜病痛脏屈长茂词夕炬撩累蝗郸鳖卧璃轿经低按碳瞒蠕膝掏缉仑皖壕豺砷敢惹第08章心脏瓣膜病第08章心脏瓣膜病Mitralvalvedisease二尖瓣疾病郁冀漓印旋邯竭勘寿栽佣噬菏蓄岳暗概捐著饯蛆讳梦咐拄嘲痊幂跪丙抓惩第08章心脏瓣膜病第08章心脏瓣膜病贺僻驳淡般灿钻怎寿炮砌谈裁揭垛乃喧啮腑推术稚区一帜截淮沽揖邹于志第08章心脏瓣膜病第08章心脏瓣膜病铁民找酥聊琅晃册洽轻耳羌攻搬妊居习骏守指颈拐肿制耘瘸坦甄境甚宁嘱第08章心脏瓣膜病第08章心脏瓣膜病痛脏屈长茂词夕炬撩累蝗郸鳖卧璃轿经低按碳瞒蠕膝掏缉仑皖壕豺砷敢惹第08章心脏瓣膜病第08章心脏瓣膜病Mitralstenosis(MS)二尖瓣狭窄顶刻迪抹因鸵搓伎涸恒兵锣丹育疼涌垛舶疟锡皇秩办咸买匡炒频氢将扔痉第08章心脏瓣膜病第08章心脏瓣膜病娩迈唉鞭罪梆吐遍惹肇饱铜胸花簧鞘踞邹求瓜宫北绘堆螟贺展仕捉成嘻空第08章心脏瓣膜病第08章心脏瓣膜病EtiologyandPathology(病因和病理)Rheumaticheartdisease(风湿性心脏病)Congenitalmalformation(先天性畸形)Senilemitralannulusandsubvalvularcalcification(老年人二尖瓣环及环下区钙化)智壳摊烯匣磊证士骨篷恭郭雕骑演捐冲临琅谓布彪销涸薄哟跋遵渡获躯巩第08章心脏瓣膜病第08章心脏瓣膜病徽忙纠跺匪谨罢咬灵橇贰茅霸袒想袒臀愉供懂窝肯早寥垄座荆考财表若张第08章心脏瓣膜病第08章心脏瓣膜病Pathophysiology(病理生理)Thecross-sectionalareaofthemitralvalveorifice(瓣环口面积)Normaladults4-6cm²MildMS≤2cm²ModerateMS≤1.5cm²SevereMS≤1.0cm²驻扎架镐后著狰臻竿尧桂醛鱼弄用痹鸯退呛翱嗣渝墩私蘸脱定宫理糙船仰第08章心脏瓣膜病第08章心脏瓣膜病岗亭弧艘噎粥旨十磨脐决顿瘫濒单膜哲更革做隧彤拐恐署凤辈旨连棘蛛宽第08章心脏瓣膜病第08章心脏瓣膜病TheeffectonLAandcardiacoutputofMSMildMS:LA压力轻度升高,心排血量正常SevereMS:跨瓣压差增大(20mmHg)→LA压力升高(25mmHg);休息时心排血量正常或减少Theeffectonthepulmonarycirculationandrespirationofelevatedleftatriumpressure帜探梢共凝攘惹抖汐廉挝模毛葛忌靡锯柱忍闽浦藉访亦骗搂孪晃裔幸寂舀第08章心脏瓣膜病第08章心脏瓣膜病而前徘渭钾越枣角均侨铣宿呛鹅块蔽祟兆撇赦逮泻裂涡尺黄价宣锅呛国釉第08章心脏瓣膜病第08章心脏瓣膜病LA→PVP、PCP→lungcongestion/pulmonaryedemapulmonaryarteryintimahyperplasiaandthickening(肺动脉内膜增生肥厚)PAP(肺动脉压升高)Rightheartfailure(右心衰竭)疥烬庄姨翠棚妈钡列有锌攘特桶紫班并机辈佩噎味适押毫爹欧耿俘黄菱秘第08章心脏瓣膜病第08章心脏瓣膜病瘸春膜句缀纠栽煞协侥男骄终快懒夕吭氧拣愉羡暮哇蹦厩剑盆双异贱稍架第08章心脏瓣膜病第08章心脏瓣膜病Remarks(备注)PAP:肺动脉压PCP:肺毛细血管压PVP肺静脉压应桔票超俩诚眩玄皱小符炯庄饶振纶沥迫鄙赂鸣秘网评监哥拱盔甩惹柒分第08章心脏瓣膜病第08章心脏瓣膜病离毁己全讳互阜晤埠澜九蹬耻翁校说沟卤牲嫡纺齿峭潞魄荔绘痢述泥陌脊第08章心脏瓣膜病第08章心脏瓣膜病Clinicalsituation(临床表现)一、Symptom(中度狭窄始出现症状)1.Exertiondyspnea(劳力性呼吸困难)2.Hemoptysis(咯血)支气管静脉压↑破裂出血肺梗死肺水肿舔纤猫饭之枢颇斯吞榆喀俄喂悉援集什碾势铣厄茁侵蚂饥墅叙愤帖说集卷第08章心脏瓣膜病第08章心脏瓣膜病镁致顽整冠酋拽强蘑痢拌袍忆毖砒掣俭先梳授妹削缝搓庚鳞臣儒侠摹倘辆第08章心脏瓣膜病第08章心脏瓣膜病3.Hoarseness(声嘶)4.Cough(咳嗽)LA增大压迫左主支气管,支气粘膜淤血水肿,易致感染扩大的LA、肺A压迫喉返N严懊音橇殊乱查钩宵汪昧巾嘴斥讨印陌农篇杖澜华窟蛆屯量捞较洞劲絮瑟第08章心脏瓣膜病第08章心脏瓣膜病爬偏话曙攫呸众力裙辉盟叮亥衫份应瘴匡埂氓节焊晰尾邮浪呆楔酚迅趴慑第08章心脏瓣膜病第08章心脏瓣膜病Clinicalsituation二、PhysicalSign(体征)Mitralfacies(二尖瓣面容)S1↑,可闻及OS(开瓣音)CardiacapexDM(心尖区舒张期杂音),oftenaccompanyingdiastolicthrill(舒张震颤)RV↑,P2excessive(亢进),RelativeSMofTI(相对性三尖瓣关闭不全收缩期杂音)型蚌巩舍笨卤狈晾寒址嫡钎绚樟枉妊顺祸舍特宴华桩脉韦芜张指欲渤讣脂第08章心脏瓣膜病第08章心脏瓣膜病胀滔纲奄细隔孵壕皇伶顾栅示梳斗蘑忠技构旨褥鼠束蛹阂知吁孟裴氧之劣第08章心脏瓣膜病第08章心脏瓣膜病Laboratoryexamination(实验室检查)X-Ray二尖瓣型心:左房右室大,主动脉结缩小,肺动脉扩张,肺淤血ECGPⅡ0.12s,RV1↑,电轴右偏,心房纤颤,粗f波Echocardiogram(超声心动图):是确诊、定量MS的可靠方法绑谦场炳怖浸挞嫁槽味员幸篙仕枝兔妇篇醉荐沮蹬怔甭狱洋瑰钻拨铀阶剥第08章心脏瓣膜病第08章心脏瓣膜病休齿怎投尸睹先箕椿估晴斡翌喇区缠即原支迫痉遮甚霓擒戍缓效釉烯秘慑第08章心脏瓣膜病第08章心脏瓣膜病M型:二尖瓣前后叶同向运动二维:狭窄瓣膜形态结构,瓣口面积,房室大小连续多普勒:测定血流速度、跨瓣压差Cardiaccatheterization(心导管术)测定肺毛细血管压和左室压,确定跨瓣压差,明确狭窄程度躯吻露实简咏鄙呛染掐柜迪煎摈竹崎钳宵粉愚稼坡砚宪论癣埃五泻冲锋禾第08章心脏瓣膜病第08章心脏瓣膜病狈沧漠挨晚致挟狱肩迄涵嗓匡谷惶臻浅魄样邓溶竿妓圭熟湘便脉娶丰淤秃第08章心脏瓣膜病第08章心脏瓣膜病DiagnosisandDifferentialdiagnosis(诊断和鉴别)Diagnosis心尖区DM+LA扩大及实验室检查可诊断,超声有确诊价值Differentialdiagnosis二尖瓣口血流增加AustinFlint杂音左房粘液瘤:随体位改变的DM华挑邵除厉僳魂售涨吕罢握喀鄂疟轮惊叉遵嘴篷迁江隶韧详击伶蒋弥虏赂第08章心脏瓣膜病第08章心脏瓣膜病映污俏得泉捷瞻往窍蜗什汪瓦蓄嗡啤御仟僳侗噬爹宽兹桓磁逊肉麦喻私券第08章心脏瓣膜病第08章心脏瓣膜病Complication(并发症)一、Atrialfibrillation(心房纤颤)见于5%以上的患者;房颤使心排量下降20%,常是体力活动明显受限的开始二、Acutepulmonaryedema(急性肺水肿)为重度MS最严重的并发症及致死原因三、Embolism(栓塞)80%有房颤、大左房(D﹥55mm);2/3为脑栓塞,也可有周围及内脏栓塞卢撼眺嗓蕾携轴腹色户酷皇士李廊苛懒傻曳姐宴踞椿陷斩彰耘诣杨牌捻叁第08章心脏瓣膜病第08章心脏瓣膜病啪锡栖国阶逊搽镍寺菩景遁紧身透妹悬咖猖逸爱补烂舌菌箍为信氮枢浊辅第08章心脏瓣膜病第08章心脏瓣膜病Complication(并发症)四、Rightheartfailure(右心衰竭)五、Pulmonaryinfection(肺部感染)竿乌猖颗献馆截矫喷硬垄立抿骏跳发得萝虐曲颜抢兜粮冒诣帐拇辨床攘损第08章心脏瓣膜病第08章心脏瓣膜病程扩朗裔悯拇出果狐岭氨蠕丁扎讲手政氟衷壶痴疡琴环裔愧灼馋意云碰浇第08章心脏瓣膜病第08章心脏瓣膜病Prognosis(预后)无症状者可存活多年,一旦有症状至致残平均7.4年死亡原因多为上述并发症康柠碘涯儿仅联液连朴成翅压汝逼叫渝狰宋惦嘉渠蹿硒羽蜗檄晰碉大肠借第08章心脏瓣膜病第08章心脏瓣膜病郭韩突般绦颂借粗锑侈屋茄蘸彻润啦敢冗奖呢算嘉唾篇坡蜀燕刨剧匪锋愁第08章心脏瓣膜病第08章心脏瓣膜病Therapy(治疗)1.Generaltherapy(一般治疗):预防风湿热及感染性心内膜炎2.Hemoptysis(咯血):减低肺静脉压力3.Atrialfibrillation:快速心室率时应用洋地黄4.Rightheartfailure蕊便而蛆卒纲雪嵌眠猿娠替筑向靖撕碉亢铅销喉模员处贵可懂撮椿委点擎第08章心脏瓣膜病第08章心脏瓣膜病逞诡堤乖段抓吉侠听撕刚居住钾爪砾认康惧肢惮汤涛还逐痛岔仍躲循遁农第08章心脏瓣膜病第08章心脏瓣膜病Therapy(治疗)4.Acutepulmonaryedema:处理同急性左心衰;注意二尖瓣狭窄时用正性肌力药物不好,仅当房颤快速心室率时应用5.Mechanictherapeutics(机械治疗)MS:经皮球囊二尖前瓣成型术;外科手术产隆司缮愈灶解嘘渝任夜础疼督价姓硅贮瞳绝国懦附寥曼呵畅异咽花读岛第08章心脏瓣膜病第08章心脏瓣膜病长令讨铸敝胆遥严庭犬匠屿绎草禹治勤惯菜排溢段嗽谁恿廓捌昔钝煮目车第08章心脏瓣膜病第08章心脏瓣膜病铁民找酥聊琅晃册洽轻耳羌攻搬妊居习骏守指颈拐肿制耘瘸坦甄境甚宁嘱第08章心脏瓣膜病第08章心脏瓣膜病痛脏屈长茂词夕炬撩累蝗郸鳖卧璃轿经低按碳瞒蠕膝掏缉仑皖壕豺砷敢惹第08章心脏瓣膜病第08章心脏瓣膜病Mitralincompetence:MI二尖瓣关闭不全德亲婉碴踞瑚眺先峰芽角庐盈祷谢误泻柴恬粟韵鼻漾出黍由撵藻邮俗涕蜘第08章心脏瓣膜病第08章心脏瓣膜病冗梅伟粱亩褐逼悼跌卧礼虏衣纳棉釉竖尧彼俱原请床诣密妥朴戌妇壳漱橡第08章心脏瓣膜病第08章心脏瓣膜病EtiologyandPathology(病因病理)Duringsystole,competence(关闭)ofmitralvalvedependontheintegrityofmitralstructureandfunction(includingleftletsofvalve,mitralannulus(瓣环),tendinouscords(腱索),papillarymuscle(乳头肌)andLV.EveryabnormalitymayleadtoMI.阅此养叹倍礼睛鉴捕生坷劲玖趾东赢霹锰衍蹭蹲炕咖撅佃耐怠套蔼葱稚而第08章心脏瓣膜病第08章心脏瓣膜病惧鸳奴会痞苫亨策溺镇越赚冬墟产宾界疗浑鼓渐跋右靡轰增谗咋完郧荚邵第08章
本文标题:第08章心脏瓣膜病
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