IPCC_Special_Report_on_Carbon_Dioxide_Capture_and_

IPCCSpecialReportonCarbonDioxideCaptureandStorageEdwardS.RubinCarnegieMellonUniversity,Pittsburgh,PAPresentationtotheU.S.ClimateChangeScienceProgramWorkshopWashington,DCNovember14,2005IPCCSRCCSE.S.Rubin,CarnegieMellonStructureoftheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange(IPCC)Plenary:AllUNEP/WMOMemberCountries(150)Bureau,Secretariat,TechnicalSupportUnitsWorkingGroupsI,II,IIILeadAuthorsCoodinatingLeadAuthorsContributingAuthorsExpertandGovernmentReviewersReviewEditorsIPCCSRCCSE.S.Rubin,CarnegieMellonAboutIPCCReports•Provideassessmentsofscientificallyandtechnicallysoundpublishedinformation•Noresearch,monitoring,orrecommendations•Authorsarebestexpertsavailableworldwide,reflectingexperiencefromacademia,industry,governmentandNGOs•Policyrelevant,butNOTpolicyprescriptive•Thoroughlyreviewedbyotherexpertsandgovernments•FinalapprovalofSummarybygovernmentsINTERGOVERNMENTALPANELONCLIMATECHANGE(IPCC)IPCCSRCCSE.S.Rubin,CarnegieMellonHistoryoftheSpecialReport•2001:UNFCCC(COP-7)invitesIPCCtowriteatechnicalpaperongeologicalcarbonstoragetechnologies•2002:IPCCauthorizesaworkshop(heldNovember2002)thatproposesaSpecialReportonCO2captureandstorage•2003:IPCCauthorizestheSpecialReportunderauspicesofWGIII;firstmeetingofauthorsinJuly•July2003–June2005:Preparationofreportby~100LeadAuthors+25ContributingAuthors(w/100sofreviewers)•September26,2005:FinalreportapprovedbyIPCCplenary•December2005:WillbepresentedofficiallytoUNFCCCatCOP-11IPCCSRCCSE.S.Rubin,CarnegieMellonWhytheInterestinCCS?•TheUNFCCCgoalofstabilizingatmosphericGHGconcentrationswillrequiresignificantreductionsinfutureCO2emissions•CCScouldbepartofaportfolioofoptionstomitigateglobalclimatechange•CCScouldincreaseflexibilityinachievinggreenhousegasemissionreductions•CCShaspotentialtoreduceoverallcostsofmitigationIPCCSRCCSE.S.Rubin,CarnegieMellonCO2CaptureandStorageSystemCarbonaeousFuelsCaptureProcessesTransportandStorageOptions(Source:CO2CRC)IPCCSRCCSE.S.Rubin,CarnegieMellonStructureoftheReport1.Introduction2.SourcesofCO23.CaptureofCO24.TransportofCO25.Geologicalstorage6.Oceanstorage7.Mineralcarbonationandindustrialuses8.Costsandeconomicpotential9.EmissioninventoriesandaccountingIPCCSRCCSE.S.Rubin,CarnegieMellonKeyQuestionsfortheAssessment•CurrentstatusofCCStechnology?•PotentialforcapturingandstoringCO2?•Costsofimplementation?•Health,safetyandenvironmentrisks?•Permanenceofstorageasamitigationmeasure?•LegalissuesforimplementingCO2storage?•Implicationsforinventoriesandaccounting?•PublicperceptionofCCS?•Potentialfortechnologydiffusionandtransfer?IPCCSRCCSE.S.Rubin,CarnegieMellonMaturityofCCSTechnologiesResearchPhaseDemonstrationPhaseEcon.Feasible(specificconditions)MatureMarketOxyfuelcombustionPost-combustioncapturePre-combustioncaptureIndustrialseparationOceanstorageMineralcarbonationIndustrialutilizationEnhancedcoalbedmethaneSalineaquifersGasandoilfieldsEnhancedoilrecoveryPipelinetransportTankertransportIPCCSRCCSE.S.Rubin,CarnegieMellonStatusofCaptureTechnology•CO2capturetechnologiesareincommercialusetoday,mainlyinthepetroleumandpetrochemicalindustries•Capturealsoappliedtoseveralgas-firedandcoal-firedboilers,butatscalessmallcomparedtoapowerplant•Netcaptureefficienciestypically80-90%•Integrationofcapture,transportandstoragehasbeendemonstratedinseveralindustrialapplications,butnotyetatanelectricpowerplant•R&Dprogramsareunderwayworldwidetodevelopimproved,lower-costtechnologiesforCO2capture;potentialtoreducecostsby~20–30%overnearterm,andsignificantlymoreinlongertermIPCCSRCCSE.S.Rubin,CarnegieMellonIndustrialCaptureSystemsPost-CombustionCapture(gas-firedpowerplant,Malaysia)Pre-CombustionCapture(coalgasificationplant,USA)(Source:MitsubishiHeavyIndustries)(Source:DakotaGasificationIPCCSRCCSE.S.Rubin,CarnegieMellonCO2Pipelines(forEORProjects)Source:USDOE/BattelleSource:NRDCIPCCSRCCSE.S.Rubin,CarnegieMellonExisting/ProposedCO2StorageSitesSource:S.Benson,LBNLIPCCSRCCSE.S.Rubin,CarnegieMellonSource:StatoilGeologicalStorageProjectsSleipner(Norway)InSalah/Krechba(Algeria)Source:BPIPCCSRCCSE.S.Rubin,CarnegieMellonGlobalDistributionofLargeCO2Sources(Source:IEAGHG,2002)Largesourcesclusteredinfourgeographicalregions.Fossilfuelpowerplantsaccountfor78%ofemissions;industrialprocesses(includingbiomass)emit22%.IPCCSRCCSE.S.Rubin,CarnegieMellonPotentialGeologicalStorageAreasStorageprospectivityHighlyprospectivesedimentarybasinsProspectivesedimentarybasinsNon-prospectivesedimentarybasins,metamorphicandigneousrockDataqualityandavailabilityvaryamongregions(Source:GeoscienceAustralia).(Prospectiveareasinsedimentarybasinswheresuitablesalineformations,oilorgasfields,orcoalbedsmaybefound)Goodcorrelationbetweenmajorsourcesandareaswithpotentialforgeologicalstorage.Moredetailedregionalanalysesrequiredtoconfirmorassessactualsuitabilityforstorage.IPCCSRCCSE.S.Rubin,CarnegieMellonLeadingCandidatesforCCS•Fossilfuelpowerplants–Pulverizedcoalcombustion(PC)–Naturalgascombinedcycle(NGCC)–Integratedcoalgasificationcombinedcycle(IGCC)•OtherlargeindustrialsourcesofCO2suchas:–Refineriesandpetrochemicalplants–Hydrogenproductionp