【2019年备考】中考英语语法专题复习—被动语态专题

1被动语态学习目标:掌握被动语态结构以及时态变换预习导学：举例把字句和被字句知识梳理一．被动语态的句法功能1.当不知道谁是动作的执行者，或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。e.g.:Japaneseistaughtinthatschool.(类似warmingup中的“饭吃过了”，英汉说话习惯的相似性)2.当需要强调动作的承受者而不是执行者时。e.g.:Herbookwillbebroughttomorrowmorning.看图学知识，来发挥你的潜力吧，找到主动变被动语态的小技巧！！Hecancarrythebasket.Thebasketcanbecarriedbyhim.Theycansingsomebeautifulsongs.Somebeautifulsongscanbesungbythem.总结：上面例句的小规律：△主动语态变为被动语态的方法：主动语态：主语+谓语动词+宾语（执行者）（承受者）被动语态：主语+be+过去分词（+by+执行者）（承受者）一般省略【例题精讲】例1.Children(notallow)toplayfrighteninggames.例2.TheGreatWall(know)bypeopleallovertheworld.例3.Allthebuildings(turn)intohospitalsrecently.例4.Howlongcanthesemagazines(keep)?Keys:1.aren’tallowed2.isknown3.havebeenturned4.bekept【课堂练习】提高题：1.Thevegetables(plant)inthefieldsnextweek.22.Thesoldierwasveryillwhenhe(operate)onbyDr.Bethune.3.Thepasswordofyouremailboxshould(memorize)..4.Liquidscan(turn)intogasesiftheirtemperatures(make)hotenough.5.Thenextmorningthey(find)thatsometrees(blow)downduringthenight.Keys:1.willbeplated2.wasoperated3.bememorized4.turn,aremade5.willfind,willbeblown二、被动语态的构成被动语态的基本结构：be+动词的过去分词各种时态的主动、被动语态的结构如下表（以动词do为例）时态主动语态被动语态一般现在时do/doesam/is/are+done一般过去时didwas/were+done现在进行时am/is/are+doingam/is/are+beingdone现在完成时have/has+donehave/has+beendone一般将来时will/shall/begoingto+dowill/shall/begoingto+bedone过去进行时Was/were+doingwas/were+beingdone过去完成时had+donehad+beendone过去将来时would/should/begoingto+dowould/should/begoingto+bedone含有情态动词can/may/must+docan/may/must+bedone三、被动语态的易错点1.主动语态变为被动语态①要将主动句里的宾语变为被动句中的主语，若主动句中的宾语是人称代词，要将宾格变成主格。②把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语，主格代词变成宾格代词，并由by引导。③谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。WeaskedhimtosinganEnglishsong.HewasaskedtosinganEnglishsongbyus.主动语态：动作执行者+谓语动词主动形式+动作承受者被动语态：动作承受者+谓语动词被动形式+动作执行者批注：主动，主动，主去动；被动，被动，主被动。2．带双宾语的谓语动词变为被动语态①谓语动词带双宾语时，既可以将间接宾语转化成主语，也可以将直接宾语转化成主语；②若将间接宾语转化成主语，则保留直接宾语；③若将直接宾语转化成主语则保留间接宾语，且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词to或for；Shegavemeabook.(变为被动语态)Iwasgivenabookbyher.（间接宾语me改为了主语）Abookwasgiventomebyher.（直接宾语abook改为了主语）备注：此语法点应多呈现后接双宾语的动词详细讲解并加强练习。如：tell,lend,pass,give,buy,bring,take,send,show等3.动词短语变为被动语态许多由不及物动词和介词、副词构成的动词短语相当于及物动词，可以有宾语，也可以有被动语态动词短语是一个不可分割的整体，在变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成动词短语的介词或副词。Weshouldspeaktooldmenpolitely.Oldmenshouldbespokentopolitely.4.to的“前世今生”在主动语态中，某些动词之后带有复合宾语，即宾语和宾语补足语，这个复合宾语由动词不定式来3充当，to被省略，但在被动语态中，这个to还要还原。eg.Ioftenhearhersingthispopularsong.（主动语态）Sheisoftenheardtosingthispopularsong.（被动语态）▲有这种用法的常用动词有：一感二听三使四看，主动语态to省略，被动语态to还原。seesbdosth（主动语态）sbbeseentodo（被动语态）一感二听三使（使役动词）四看feelhear、listentomake、let、have（马兰花）see、watch、notice、observe5.初中阶段不使用被动语态的情况A.系动词无被动Thedishtastesdelicious.Theapplesmellssweet.B.某些说明名词本身性质的动词。如wash,write,sell,readTheplayreadsbetterthanitacts.Thiskindofclothwasheswell.(耐洗)Thepenwritessmoothly写起来流利。Thebookissointerestingthatitsellswell.“sell”此处为不及物动词“销售起来…..”作及物动词为“卖、出售”）C.Need+V-ing“需要被….”Mycarneedsrepairing.我的车需要修理D.Too…to句型Theboxistooheavytolife.E.不及物动词appear,disappear,fail,happen,last,remain,spread,breakout,cometrue,takeplace,belongto,rise等比较rise,fall,happen是不及物动词；raise,seat是及物动词。(错)Thepricehasbeenrisen.(对)Thepricehasrisen.(错)Theaccidentwashappenedlastweek.(对)Theaccidenthappenedlastweek.(错)Thepricehasraised.(对)Thepricehasbeenraised.6.系表结构PK被动语态有些“be+过去分词”的结构并不是被动语态，它们有可能是“系表结构（即系动词之后由过去分词来充当表语）。”eg:（1）Thedoorisclosed.门是关着的。（系表结构）ThedoorisclosedbyFengping.这个门是冯平来关的。（被动语态）（2）Theglassisbroken.这个玻璃杯是坏的。（系表结构）TheglassisbrokenbyMary.这个玻璃杯是玛丽弄坏的。（被动语态）【例题精讲】例1.Manyaccidents_________bycarelessdriverslastyear.A.arecausedB.werecausedC.havecausedD.willcause例2.Drivingafterdrinkingwine_________inChina.A.allowsB.doesn'tallowC.isallowedD.isn'tallowed例3.Manytreesandflowers_________inourcityeveryyear.A.plantedB.areplantedC.wereplantedD.plantsKeys:BDB【课堂练习】4课堂练习：根据要求改写句子1.TheheadmasterpraisedBenforhishonesty.(改为被动语态）Ben__________________forhishonesty_________theheadmaster.2.MotherwillbuyJackanewshirt.(改为被动语态）AnewshirtJackbyMother.3.Youhadbettertakethewoundedsoldierstohospitalatonce.(改为被动语态）Thewoundedsoldiershadbettertohospitalatonce.4.Theadultstellthechildrennottoswiminthatdeepriver.(改为被动语态）Thechildrennottoswiminthatdeepriver.5.CansomeagedChineseunderstandRussian?(改为被动语态）CanbysomeagedChinese?6.Thebossmadetheemployeesworktenhoursaday.(改为被动语态）Theemployeesweremadetenhoursaday.7.TheSpringFestivaliswelcomedbytheChineseallovertheworld.(改为主动语态)TheChineseallovertheworldtheSpringFestival.8.Thepriceofmeathasrisenfromtenyuantofifteenyuanrecently.(保持原句意思)Thepriceofmeatfromtenyuantofifteenyuanrecently.9.Thefiremenareusinglongladdersforrescuingpeopleintallbuildings.(改为被动语态)Longladdersforrescuingpeopleintallbuildingsbythefiremen.10.Wholooksafterthechildreninthekindergarten?(改为被动语态）Bythechildrenafterinthekindergarten?.Keys:1.waspraised,by2.willbebought3.betaken4.aretold5.Russianbeunderstood6.towork7.welcome8.hasbeenraised9.arebeingused10.whomarelooked单项选择()1.Nothingcanthegirlfromthere.A.bestopped;goingB.prevent;goingC.stop;togoD.prevent;togo()2.Althoughyouhavelotsofdifficulties,youmust_______yourwork.A.carryoutwithB.carryawayonC.carryonwithD.carryover()3.--It’skindhimtohelpmesolvetheproblem.--Yes,heisalwayskindeverybody.A.of;ofB.of;toC.to:ofD.to;to()4.