进程多线程管道进程间通信网络超详细

1/22/2013CS152,Spring2013CS152ComputerArchitectureandEngineeringLecture1-IntroductionKrsteAsanovicElectricalEngineeringandComputerSciencesUniversityofCaliforniaatBerkeley~krste~cs1521/22/2013CS152,Spring2013WhatisComputerArchitecture?2ApplicationPhysicsGaptoolargetobridgeinonestepInitsbroadestdefinition,computerarchitectureisthedesignoftheabstractionlayersthatallowustoimplementinformationprocessingapplicationsefficientlyusingavailablemanufacturingtechnologies.(butthereareexceptions,e.g.magneticcompass)1/22/2013CS152,Spring20133AbstractionLayersinModernSystemsAlgorithmGates/Register-TransferLevel(RTL)ApplicationInstructionSetArchitecture(ISA)OperatingSystem/VirtualMachinesMicroarchitectureDevicesProgrammingLanguageCircuitsPhysicsEE141CS150CS162CS170CS164EE143CS152UCBEECSCourses1/22/2013CS152,Spring2013CostofsoftwaredevelopmentmakescompatibilityamajorforceinmarketArchitecturecontinuallychanging4ApplicationsTechnologyApplicationssuggesthowtoimprovetechnology,providerevenuetofunddevelopmentImprovedtechnologiesmakenewapplicationspossible1/22/2013CS152,Spring20135ComputingDevicesThen…EDSAC,UniversityofCambridge,UK,19491/22/2013CS152,Spring20136ComputingDevicesNowRobotsSupercomputersAutomobilesLaptopsSet-topboxesSmartphonesServersMediaPlayersSensorNetsRoutersCamerasGames1/22/2013CS152,Spring20137110100100010000197819801982198419861988199019921994199619982000200220042006Performance(vs.VAX-11/780)25%/year52%/year??%/yearUniprocessorPerformance•VAX:25%/year1978to1986•RISC+x86:52%/year1986to2002•RISC+x86:??%/year2002topresentFromHennessyandPatterson,ComputerArchitecture:AQuantitativeApproach,4thedition,October,20061/22/2013CS152,Spring20138[fromKurzweil]MajorTechnologyGenerationsBipolarnMOSCMOSpMOSRelaysVacuumTubesElectromechanical?1/22/2013CS152,Spring20139TheEndoftheUniprocessorEraSinglebiggestchangeinthehistoryofcomputingsystems1/22/2013CS152,Spring201310ThisYear’sCS252•CS152focusesoninteractionofsoftwareandhardware–morearchitectureandlessdigitalengineering–moreusefulforOSdevelopers,compilerwriters,performanceprogrammers•Muchofthematerialyou’lllearnthistermwaspreviouslyinCS252–SomeofthecurrentCS61C,IfirstsawinCS252over20yearsago!–Maybeevery10years,shiftCS252-CS152-CS61C?•Classcontainslabsbasedonvariousdifferentmachinedesigns–Experimentwithhowarchitecturalmechanismsworkinpracticeonrealsoftware.–DesignswritteninChiselhardwaredescriptionlanguage–Gettosee(andmodify)alltheworkingpartsofamodernmicroprocessor–HopefullyFPGAversionslaterincourse!1/22/2013CS152,Spring201311RelatedCoursesCS61CCS152CS150Basiccomputerorganization,firstlookatpipelines+cachesComputerArchitecture,FirstlookatparallelarchitecturesDigitalLogicDesign,FPGAsStrongPrerequisiteCS250VLSISystemsDesignCS252GraduateComputerArchitecture,AdvancedTopics1/22/2013CS152,Spring201312CS152ExecutiveSummaryTheprocessoryoubuiltinCS61CPlus,thetechnologybehindchip-scalemultiprocessors(CMPs)andgraphicsprocessingunits(GPUs)Whatyou’llunderstandandexperimentwithinCS1521/22/2013CS152,Spring201313CS152AdministriviaInstructor:Prof.KrsteAsanovic,krste@eecsOffice:579SodaHall(insideParLab)OfficeHours:Mon.5:00-6:00PM(emailtoconfirm),579SodaT.A.:YunsupLee,yunsup@eecsOfficeHours:Tuesdays1-2PM,751SodaLectures:Tu/Th,2-3:30PM,310Soda(Possibleroomchange!)Section:F10:30AM-12M,9EvansText:ComputerArchitecture:AQuantitativeApproach,HennesseyandPatterson,5thEdition(2012)Readingsassignedfromthisedition,somereadingsavailableinoldereditions–seewebpage.Webpage:~cs152LecturesavailableonlinebynoonbeforeclassPiazzza:(ISAs,microprogramming,unpipelinedmachines,IronLaw,simplepipelines)2.Memoryhierarchy(DRAM,caches,optimizations)plusvirtualmemorysystems,exceptions,interrupts3.Complexpipelining(score-boarding,out-of-orderissue)4.Explicitlyparallelprocessors(vectormachines,VLIWmachines,multithreadedmachines)5.Multiprocessorarchitectures(memorymodels,cachecoherence,synchronization)1/22/2013CS152,Spring201315CS152CourseComponents•15%ProblemSets(onepermodule)–Intendedtohelpyoulearnthematerial.Feelfreetodiscusswithotherstudentsandinstructors,butmustturninyourownsolutions.Gradingbasedmostlyoneffort,butquizzesassumethatyouhaveworkedthroughallproblems.SolutionsreleasedafterPSshandedin.•35%Labs(onepermodule)–Labsuseadvancedfullsystemsimulators(newChiselsimulatorsthisyear,noSimics)–Directedplusopen-endedsectionstoeachlab•50%Quizzes(onepermodule)–In-class,closed-book,nocalculators,nosmartphones,nolaptops,...–Basedonlectures,readings,problemsets,andlabs1/22/2013CS152,Spring201316CS152Labs•Eachlabhasdirectedplusopen-endedassignments•Directedportion(2/7)isintendedtoensurestudentslearnmainconceptsbehindlab–Eachstudentmustperformownlabandhandintheirownlabreport•Open-endedassignment(5/7)istoallowyoutoshowyourcreativity–Roughlyaone-day“mini-project”»E.g.,tryanarchitecturalideaandmeasurepotential,negativeresul