第十一章 英语降调、升调和降升调的语义含义及用法

第十一章英语降调、升调和降升调的语义含义及用法2016年11月29日一、复习1.用不同的语调朗读下列单词：平调：in'crease'comfortableim'portant'naturalper'formancepro'nouncement升调：ińcreasécomfortableiḿportant́naturalpeŕformanceprónouncement降升调：iňcreasěcomfortableim̌portanťnaturalpeřformanceprǒnouncement2.朗读短文：OneManinaBoatmp3'Fishingismy'favourite`sport.I'often'fishfor'hourswithout'catching`anything.But'thisdoes'not`worryme.Someˇfishermenareun`lucky.Insteadof'catchinǵfish,they'catchold'bootsand`rubbish.Iam'even`less'lucky.I'never'catch`anything—'notevenold`boots.'Afterhaving'spentwhole'morningsonthériver,I'always'gohomewithan'empty`bag.“Youmust'giveup`fishing!”my'friends`say.“It’sa'wasteof`time.”Butthey'don’t'realizeoneim'portant`thing.I’m'notreally'interestedin`fishing.Iam'only'interestedin'sittingina`boatand'doing'nothingat`all.3.对话朗读，注意语调：（p.154:13-07）(1)mp3A.You’llnever↘guesswhathappenedto↘me↘↗lastnight!B.↘What?A.↘Well,Iwasjustwalkingdownthe↘streetwhenIsawa↘boybehaving↘oddlyoutsidemyneighbour’s↗↘house.B.Whatwashe↗↘doing?A.↗Well,it↘↗lookedlikehewastryingto↘climbinthrougha↘window.B.How↘oldwashe?A.Oh,about↘↗fifteenIthink.B.Too↘youngtobeaburglar↘↗really…A.↘Well,Idon’t↘↗know.Theystartyoung↘↗thesedays,you↗know.↘Anyway,Icalledthe↘policebutIfelt↘awfulwhenthey↘↗arrived.B.Whywas↘↗thatthen?A.It↘turnedoutitwasmyneighbour’s↗↘nephew!Theywereexpectinghimtwohours↗↘laterandhadgone↘shopping!B.Well,it’sbesttobeonthe↗↘safeside.3.对话朗读，注意语调：（p.154:13-07）(2)Iwas↘↗hopingtogoto↘town,butall↘↗morningitwas↘pouringdown,soIdidn’tgo↘↗outat↘all.I’mhaving↘↗problemwithmyInternet↘connection.Don’tsupposeyou↘knowanything↘↗aboutit,do↗you?4.朗读下列页面中的对话与文章第十三单元课后练习1.2.3.4（pp.151—154）二、英语降调、升调和降升调的语义含义及用法在用英语进行人际交往时，要得体地进行交际，必须掌握英语的正确用法。英语中最常用的也是最重要的语调有三个：降调、升调和降升调。这三个语调都具有表义功能。我们应了解这三个调的基本意义和用法，通过大量的听说训练，正确使用这三个调，并养成得体的语调习惯。1、降调的基本意义和用法降调的基本含义是肯定、完整、独立，即讲话人对所讲的内容肯定无疑、表达的意思完整、语法结构独立。以下6种情况一般用降调：1）陈述句：Iamastudent.Wegodowntowneveryweekend.2）特殊疑问句：Whatareyoureading?Whendidshegetup?3）强命令句：Turnright.Handsup,noharm4）选择疑问句：Wouldyoucareforacupofteaorcoffee?Isthepenyoursorhis?5）从句前面的主句：ShewasdancingwhenIcamein.It'salongtimesincewesaweachother.6）感叹句：It'sfantastic!Whatagreatday!2、升调的基本意义和用法升调的基本意义是不肯定、不完整、不独立，即讲话人对所谈内容不很肯定、所表达的意思是不完整的、语法结构通常不独立，因此升调主要用于短语后面，也常常用于句中不完整的部分后面。以下8种情况一般用升调：1）一般疑问句：DoyoulikeEnglish?AreyoufromChina?2）反意疑问句：YoucanspeakEnglish,can'tyou?Thisisyourcomputer,isn'tit?3）选择疑问句的第一部分：DoyoulikeEnglishorFrench?Areyougoingtoleavetodayortomorrow?4）句首状语：Ifit'sfineontheweekend,hewillgotoclimbthemountains.5）列举人和事物时：Shelikesfruit,suchasapple,pear,banana,andorange.6）祈使句表示请求时：Comeandseemeagain.Don'tstayuptoolate.7）陈述句加问号时，表示听者想确认对方所讲的内容：Youareastudent?It'safineday?8）有时问候和警告时用升调：Goodmorning.Mindyourhead.3、降升调的基本意义和用法降升调是降调和升调功能的结合,多用来表达对比、保留、暗示、不同意、矛盾和警告等。降升调往往包含有言下之意，让听者去思考。降升调主要用于下列几种情况：1）表示对比时用降升调。对比的两个词中第一个用降升调，第二个用降调。例如：IcanseetheˇteapotbutIcan'tseethe`tee.2）人们表示不同观点时，经常用降升调。例如：—MostlikelyI'llfailintheex`am.—No,youˇwon't.3）当一方没有听清另一方的全部内容而要求证时会用降升调。例如：—I'vejustbeentotheGreatWall.—`Wheredidyou′say?4）鼓励或赞赏别人时也经常用升调。例如：youare`working′hard.`Well′down.5）提醒和警告对方时也用升降调。例如：beˇcareful！`Mindyour′head.6）打招呼、告别和祝愿时也常用降升调。例如：`good′morning！`Good-′bye.En`joy′yourself!`Seeyou′later.三、课堂练习1.判断下列句子的语调并朗读：Theysaytheywillsenditbypost.Ican'tfindmypencilanywhere.Whichsubjectdoyouprefer?Sendittousassoonasyoucan.CanIhelpyou?DoyoumindifIopenthewindow?Justamoment.Cheerup.That'sallright.Don'tworry.三、课堂练习1.判断下列句子的语调并朗读：They'saytheywill'senditby`post.I'can'tfindmy'pencil`anywhere.Which'subjectdoyoupre`fer?'Sendittousas'soonasyou`can.'CanI′helpyou?'Doyou'mindifI'openthe′window?`Justa′moment.`Cheer′up.`That'sall′right.`Don't′worry.2.AShortTalkOnEnglishIntonationmp3Letusturnforamomenttothequestionofintonation,andinsteadoftalkingtoyouaboutit,letmegiveyousomeexamples.HereisasentencefromProfessorDanielJones’sPhoneticReadingsinEnglishthatI’mgoingtoreadtoyouonthreedifferentintonations,andIleaveittoyoutodecidewhichofthethreeisEnglish.Listen:（1）Abad-tempereddog,oneday,foundhiswayintoamanger,andfounditsoniceandcomfortablethathemadeuphismindtostopthere.Here’sanotherone:(2)Abad-tempereddog,oneday,foundhiswayintoamanger,andfounditsoniceandcomfortablethathemadeuphismindtostopthere.Here’sanotherone:(3)Abad-tempereddog,oneday,foundhiswayintoamanger,andfounditsoniceandcomfortablethathemadeuphismindtostopthere.ThefirstisthesortofthingthatmostofmyGermanstudentssay,thesecondisthesortofthingthatmanyFrenchpeoplesay.ThelastisafairlynormalEnglishintonation,andyoumuststudyitascarefullyasyoustudyeveryotherfeatureofEnglish.NowIamgoingtoreadyouashortstory,andinityouwillfindexamplesofmostoftheusualformsofEnglishintonation,andoneortworatherinterestingfeaturesthatIwillcallyourattentiontoafterwards.Listen:Anartistwasoneday'paintingina`fieldwhena`shepherdcamealong,and'after'lookingoverthe'artist’s`shoulderforalongtime,hésaid:“'Whatdoyouthinkyou’re`doing?”“ˇDoing?”saidthepainter,“`Why,I’m'paintinga`picture.'Whatdo``youthinkI’m'doing?”“Is'thatsup'posedtobea'pictureofthiśfield?”“`Yes.”“I`thoughtit́was;It'isn’t'verymuch`likeitthough