四级作文评分标准,文章组织技巧及常见写作错误总结[1]

评分标准2分……条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。5分……基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。8分……基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯；语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。11分……切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。14分……切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性好。基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。(注:白卷,作文与题目毫不相关,或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想,则给0分。)写作步骤“三步”曲：Pre-writing:Brainstorming（头脑风暴：构思）While-writing:Wecannotbetoocareful（做文）Post-writing:Reviewing（检查）标点1、英文没有顿号，要用逗号表示2、英文没有书名号，可用斜体，引号或下划线；专有名词常用斜体表示；3、句号不同，要用点表示4、省略号不同，要用3个点（…）表示；5、破折号6问号误区Ⅰ使用句型太复杂以致出错。作文的写作强调的是内容连贯，句子通顺，语言流畅，并且句子与句子之间能够用恰当的关联词衔接起来，并不要求写出多复杂的句子。但有些考生理解为只有句子长了，所用的从句多了才更纯正，所以使用各种从句分词等，致使文章言不达意，错误百出，效果适得其反。误区Ⅱ加入太多的想象成分，使内容细节过多，文章冗长。学生在写作中的一大担心就是文章的长度不够，再加上对于“可适当增减细节，不可字对字的翻译”的误解，于是加入了很多离题较远的细节，乱了主题。不可字对字其实只要求学生不可简单照译，并非不可翻译。学生只要在理解写作要求的基础上以翻译为主，在要点之间加上简练恰当与必要的关联词和关联句即可。翻译要点可直译也可意译，但要恰当准确，用已学过的词语与句型，切不可生搬硬造。误区Ⅲ书写不规范造成大量失分。由于判卷的主观性，作文的卷面分往往不只1、2分。因此写作的规范与书法非常重要，甚至所用墨水的颜色也应列入考虑之列，比如，浅色的墨水或油笔写出的字就显得乱，而深色的如碳素墨水则给人以整齐美观的印象。这里介绍几个应注意的地方。1.好的开头和结尾。由于评卷人的主观性，好的开头与结尾往往给人以好的印象。一般开头不要写得太罗嗦，要找着恰当的切入点，快速入题，简洁明快。结尾同样不拖泥带水，最好还能适当评论，写出点睛之笔。2.用好关联词。在写作的过程中，以下关联词的应用非常关键。比如，表并列的and，besides，aswellas，inadditionto，notonly…butalso，when，表递进的furthermore，what’smore，what’sworse，表转折的but，while，onthecontrary，ontheotherhand，however，表选择的either…or…，whether…or…，otherwise等。有了这些词的连接，就会使文章变得语句通顺，层次清楚，有声有色，考生勿需用很多的复合句也能让评卷人感觉到你的水平不同一般。3.用好标点符号、大小写，安排好段落。如果是汉语作文，学生大多注意标点符号，但写英语时一些考生就不够认真。一篇文章下来一逗到底，没有标点的变化，没有大小写，没有段落划分（一般以三段为宜），让人一看就烦，更不要说得到好的分数。4.用好情感词语。任何文章都有自己的观点，英语小作文也不例外。考生应注意用一些能反映自己观点的词，否则文章就很干瘪，没有韵味。没有人愿意读没有感情的作文。5.书写清楚，整洁，规范。常见写作错误：一、主语错误1.主语缺失1)误：Inourcountryfeelsveryfree.正：Peoplefeelfreeinourcountry.2)误：Inmyhometownaren’tverybusy.正：Peopleinmyhometownareverybusy.2.非名词主语1)误：Richdoesn’tensureahappylife.正：Beingrichdoesn’tmeanahappylife./Wealthdoesn’tensureahappylife.2)误：Keeptwofull-timejobsissimplyimpossible.正：Keepingtwofull-timejobsissimplyimpossible.3.主谓错位1)误：Readingbookscanacquireknowledge.正：Peoplecanacquireknowledgefrombooks.2)误：Nowpeople’slivescan’tleaveTV.正：Nowpeoplecan’tdowithoutTV.二、谓语错误1.多重谓语1)误：Inourmodernsociety,therearemanyexamplesaroundusshowthatmanypeoplearecheated.正：Inourmodernsociety,manyexamplesaroundusshowthatmanypeoplearecheated./Alargenumberofpeoplehavefallenvictimtovarioustricks.2)误：Povertymakesmanypeoplecan’tstudyabroad.正：Povertymakesmanypeopleunabletostudyabroad./Povertymakesitimpossibleformanypeopletostudyabroad./Povertypreventsmanypeoplefromstudyingabroad./Manypeoplecan’tstudyabroadbecauseofpoverty.2.非动词谓语1)误：Somepeoplefirmlyagree,butothersagainstit.正：Somepeoplefirmlyagree,butothersareagainstit.2)误：Itissaidthattheplaceworthstouring.正：Itissaidthattheplaceisworthtouring.3.主谓不一致1)误：IhavetovisittheteacherwhoteachmeCollegeEnglish.正：IhavetovisittheteacherwhoteachesmeCollegeEnglish.2)误：Iuseadiskbecauseitholdplentyofdata.正：Iuseadiskbecauseitholdsplentyofdata..4.误用词组1)误：Theyinsistonpost-graduatestudyisveryimportantforthem.正：Theyinsistthatpost-graduatestudyisveryimportantforthem.2)误：Iamafraidofthatit’sgoingtorain.正：Iamafraidthatit’sgoingtorain.三、冠词错误1)误：Inmyopinion,thefutureofbicycleisverypromising.正：Inmyopinion,thefutureofthebicycleisverypromising.2)误：Theysuggestthatweshouldchooseonlythegoodbookstoreadandnevertouchthebadones.正：Theysuggestthatweshouldchooseonlygoodbookstoreadandnevertouchbadones.四、代词错误1.偷梁换柱1)误：Animportantthingforthestudenttorememberisthatwhenwritingapaper,youshouldnotplagiarize.正：Animportantthingforthestudenttorememberisthatwhenwritingapaper,heshouldnotplagiarize.2)误：Ifwecheatothers,friendswillneverbelieveyouandtheywillleaveyoualone.正：Ifwecheatothers,friendswillneverbelieveusandtheywillleaveusalong./Ifyoucheatothers,friendswillneverbelieveyouandtheywillleaveyoualone.2.指代不明1)误：Hegaveareasonfornotattendingthemeeting,whichnobodybelieved.正：Hegaveareason,whichnobodybelieved,fornotattendingthemeeting./Hegaveareasonfornotattendingthemeeting,areasonwhichnobodybelieved.2)误：Sometimesteachershavetoinformthestudentsoftheheavyburdentheyhavetobear.正：Sometimesteachershavetoinformthestudentsoftheheavyburdenstudentshavetobear.五、形容词、副词错误1)误：Whatismore,thechangeoftheweatherwillmaketheplacelookdifferently.正：Whatismore,thechangeoftheweatherwillmaketheplacelookdifferent.2)误：Surprisingenough,hefacesthefailureverybravely.正：Surprisinglyenough,hefacesthefailureverybravely.六、分词误用1)误：Comparingwithothercountries,Chinapayslittleattentiontotheenergyproblem.正：Comparedwithothercountries,Chinapayslittleattentiontotheenergyproblem.2)误：Thosespiritswerejustlikeanindispensablepartofthewholepicturewhenviewingthroughmycamera.正：Thosespiritswerejustlikeanindispensablepartofthewholepicturewhenviewedthroughmycamera.七、修饰语误置1)误：SpokenEnglishisanimportantpartforlearningEnglishpeople.正：SpokenEnglishisanimportantpartforpeoplelearningEnglish.2)误：Tokeeptheairclean,wemustmovethefactorieswhichgiveoffpoisonousgasestothecountryside.正：Tokeeptheairclean,wemustmovetothecountrysidethefactorieswhichgiveoffpoisonousgasestothecountryside.八、垂悬修饰语1)误：Havingcarriedouteconomicreformsinourcountry,people’slivingstandardhasbeengreatlyimproved.正：Havingcarriedouteconomicreformsinourcountry,peoplehavegreatlyimprovedtheirlivi