John Milton

JOHNMILTON(1608-1674)JohnMiltonRepresentativeofhisperiodThepoetofsteadfastwillandpurposeRepresentativewriteroftheEnglishrevolutionarycampArealChristianhumanistJohnMiltonHethatwouldhopetowritewellhereafterinaudiblethingsoughthimselftobeatruepoem;thatis,acompositionandpatternofthebestandmosthonorablethings.ThespiritoftheLordisuponme.---JohnMiltonJohnMilton1/21/20204LifeandCareerLiteraryAchievementsPointsofView“Lycidas”TheParadiseLostSonnet19SamsonI.LifeandCareer1/21/202051.PeriodofeducationandapprenticeshipStudyfirstatSt.Paul’sschool,thenatCambridgeReadwidelyPracticepoeticskillsTraveloverthecontinent1/21/202062.Periodofproseandcontroversy(1)PoliticalessaysDefendingthecourseofrevolution(2)EssaysonlibertyReligiousliberty,domesticliberty,civilliberty,andfreedomofspeech(3)LatinSecretarytoCromwell1/21/202073.Periodofretirement,poverty,neglectandloneliness,butalsoofloftyinspirationandsplendidachievementsBecamematured,embittered,andcompletelyblindWrotehisgreatworksbyshapingtheminhismindandthendictatingthemtohisdaughtersII.LiteraryAchievements1/21/202081.Shortpoems:“L’Allegro”《快乐的人》“IlPenseroso”《沉思的人》Lycidas(1637)《列西达斯》II.LiteraryAchievements2.Prosework:Areopagitica(1644)《论出版自由》3.Longpoems:ParadiseLost(1667)ParadiseRegained(1671)SamsonAgonistes(1671)《力士参孙》II.LiteraryAchievementsLycidas•AcollectionofelegiesdedicatedtoEdwardKing,afellowundergraduateofMilton’s•Theinheritoroftheoldage,butalsotheprophetofanew•AChristianpoemaswellasahumanisticoneII.LiteraryAchievementsAreopagitica•Themostmemorableprosework,intheformofpamphlets•Aspeechforthefreedomofthepress•Adeclarationofpeople’sfreedomofthepressII.LiteraryAchievementsParadiseLostThegreatestepicsinceBeowulfChrist’stemptationinthewildernessApuretragedyII.LiteraryAchievementsParadiseRegainThestoryabouthumansalvationthroughChristOneofgreatrichnessandstrengththoughshorterandlesserworkII.LiteraryAchievementsSamsonAgonistes•AtragedyontheGreekmodel•Composedpartlyinblankverseandpartlyinunrhymedchoiceverseofvariedlinelength•Triumphthroughsacrifice.III.PointsofView1/21/2020151.Politically,Miltonchampionedlibertyandfoughtagainstauthoritythroughouthiscareer.believedthatpowercorruptshumanbeingsdistrustedanyonewhocouldclaimpoweroveranyoneelsebelievedinastrictsocialandpoliticalhierarchy1/21/2020162.Religiously,Miltonadvocatedthecompleteabolishmentofallchurchestablishments.HebelievedthateachindividualChristianshouldbehisownchurch,unencumberedbyanestablishment.HefeltthattheconscienceoftheindividualwasamorepowerfultoolthanthechurchininterpretingtheWordofGod.III.PointsofView1/21/2020173.Milton‘sviewsonmarriagewereconsideredshockingandheretical.异端InhisDoctrineandDisciplineofDivorce,hearguesthatthemainpurposeofmarriageisnotnecessarilyprocreation(生殖),butthejoiningoftwopeopleintooneunifiedbeing.Hefeltthatconversationandmentalcompanionshipweresupremelyimportantinamarriage.III.PointsofViewV.WorksAnalysis___“Lycidas”ApastoralelegyfeaturesofthepoemThemesLeveloforderArchetypeV.WorksAnalysis___“Lycidas”1/21/2020191.ApastoralelegyTraditionofGreekandRomancultureTraditionoftheJewishcultureMetaphorofshepherdaspriest,sheepascongregationV.WorksAnalysis___“Lycidas”ConventionsofthepastoralelegyAhistoryofpastfriendshipAquestioningofdestinyAprocessionofmournersAlaying-onofflowersAconsolationArefrainV.WorksAnalysis___“Lycidas”2.Somefeaturesofthepoem(1)Speaker(2)ToneSadapprehensionofdeathRegretPassionatequestioningRageSorrowAcceptance1/21/202022(3)Feelingslowtohigh,touchinglargequestionsofdivinejusticeandhumanaccountability.(4)Climaxattackontheclergy,corruptedbytheself-interest.(5)Juxtapositiondeadbodyandbeautyoflandscape(6)Naturelovelinessandcruelty(7)Senseoppressiveandoutrageous.V.WorksAnalysis___“Lycidas”1/21/2020233.ThemesGoodandevilMercyandjusticeNatureanddivineLifeandartV.WorksAnalysis___“Lycidas”V.WorksAnalysis___“Lycidas”4.LeveloforderReligiousorderrevealedbyChrist:blessing,salvation,andeternityPrimitiveorderofthehumannature:degradedmancanregainorderthrougheducation,obeyinglawandcultivatingvirtueNaturalorderofthematerialworld:neutralor‘fallen’Chaos(againstprovidence):manaccompaniedwithdegradationenterstheworldofevil,corruptionanddeath1/21/2020255.Archetype(1)recurrentimagesandmetaphorsReligiousimages:Shepherds,Peter,ChristNaturalimages:sun,water,time(2)CyclesofnatureSun’scyclicaljourneyacrossthesky;Thecyclicalreplacementofthe4seasonsinayear;V.WorksAnalysis___“Lycidas”1/21/202026Thecycleofthewater:waterfromfountains,springs,throughriverintothesea,thenvaporizedandturnedintoclouds,andfelldownasrainintothefountainsandspringsagain.Sunset,winterandseaaremetaphorssymbolizingLycidas’sdeath;sun-rise,springandfountainwateraremetaphorssymbolizinghisrevivalorresurrection.ThepoemstartsfromearlymorningandendswiththesunsettingintotheseajustlikeLycidaswhosankintothesea.Thesunwaitsforrisingagainthenextday,justlikeLycidaswhowouldbereborn.V.WorksAnalysis___“Lycidas”1/21/202027(3)DyinggodpatternDemetergoddessoftheearth,a