英语学习――被动语态(用法+例句) ppt

PassivevoicePassivevoice英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态的主语是动作的执行者，被动语态中的主语是动作的承受者，即主动语态中的宾语。所以只有及物动词才有被动语态。•一、被动语态的构成：•被动语态由“be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。be动词要随着人称和数的变化而变化。规则动词的过去分词与动词的过去式一样直接加-ed，不规则动词的过去分词有自己的特殊形式。被动语态的时态是通过be的变化来表示的。请看下列3种。1.一般现在时：主动：do/doesWecleantheclassroomeveryday.DoManypeoplespeakEnglishintheworld?被动：be(am,is,are)+done(及物动词的过去分词)Theclassroomiscleanedeveryday.每天都要打扫教室。IsEnglishspokenbymanypeopleintheworld?世界上好多人都要讲英语吗？2.一般过去时：主动：didTheboybrokethewindowyesterday.Didtheybuildthebridgelastyear?被动：be的过去时（was,were）+doneThewindowwasbrokenbytheboyyesterday.昨天那个孩子把窗子打碎了。Wasthebridgebuiltlastyear(bythem)?这座桥是去年建的吗？3.一般将来时主动：willdoWewillfinishtheworkintwodays.Thedoctorwilloperateonhimnextmonth被动：willbedoneTheworkwillbefinishedintwodays(byus).Hewillbeoperatedonnextmonth(bythedoctor).4.现在完成时主动:have/hasdoneHehasrepairedmycar.被动：have/hasbeendoneMycarhasbeenrepaired(byhim).Thepartyhasbeenplannedsincelastyear.5.现在进行时主动：am/is/aredoingTheyarediscussingthequestionatthemeeting.Theirauntistakingcareofthechildren.被动：am/isarebeingdoneThequestionisbeingdiscussedatthemeeting.Thechildrenarebeingtakencareofbytheiraunt.•6、含有情态动词的被动语态：主动：情态动词(can,may,must,should,could,usedto)+doYoucan’tmovethedesksaway被动：情态动词(can,may,must,should,could,usedto)+be+doneThedeskscan’tbemovedaway.这些桌子不能被搬走。Oldpeopleshouldbespokentopolitely.对老年人讲话要有礼貌。注意：此时的do,does,did和done(过去分词)必须是及物动词。不及物动词后无宾语，所以无法改为被动语态。一般现在时：is/are+-ed一般过去时：was/were+-ed一般将来时：willbe+-ed过去将来时：wouldbe+-ed现在进行时：is/arebeing+-ed过去进行时：was/werebeing+-ed现在完成时：have(has)been+-ed过去完成时：hadbeen+ed由上表中我们可以看出，不管是何种时态的被动语态，助动词be是不可省略的。1.Wearebuildingabridgeovertherivernow.Abridgeisbeingbuiltovertherivernow.2.Wehavebuiltabridgeovertherivernow.Abridgehasbeenbuiltovertherivernow.3.Wewillbuildabridgeovertherivernextyear.Abridgewillbebuiltovertherivernextyear.4.Webuiltabridgeovertheriverlastyear.Abridgewasbuiltovertheriverlastyear.5.Weshouldrepairthestairsatonce.Thestairsshouldberepairedatonce.一、被动语态可以用get+过去分词，多用于口语中，后面不加by短语。Hundredsofpeoplegetkilledeveryyearbytrafficontheroads.Theboygothurtonhiswaytoschool.二、被动语态的主要用法：1、不知道动作的执行者是谁：她的钱包被盗了Herwalletwasstolen.。这所医院是很久以成立的。Thehospitalwassetuplongtimeago.汤姆的母亲一被送到医院就立刻做手术。Tom’smotherwasoperatedonatoncewhenshewastakentothehospital.2.强调动作的承受者：有人看见他夜里走进这房子。Hewasseentoenterthehouseatnight.3.动作的执行者不重要：那辆车是长春制造的。ThatcarwasmadeinChangchun.Hewasbornin1992.三、主动语态变成被动语态：1、主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态中的主语。2、把谓语动词变为被动结构，时态要和主动语态的时态一致。3、主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，人称代词主格要变为宾格形式。例如：（1）Wecleanthewindowsonceaweek.主语谓语宾语状语Thewindowsarecleanedbyusonceaweek.主语谓语介词短语状语（2）Youcan’tplayfootballonthestreet.主语谓语宾语状语Footballcan’tbeplayedonthestreet.主语谓语状语1.Theyplanttreeseveryspring.Treesareplantedeveryspring.2.Thefarmersgrowriceinthesouth.Riceisgrowninthesouthbythefarmers.3.Herparentsdon’tallowhertohangoutatnight.Sheisn’tallowedtohangoutatnightbyherparents.4.Theymadeamusicvideolastmonth.Amusicvideowasmadelastmonthbythem.5.cutdownmanytreesinthepast.Manytreeswerecutdowninthepastbythem.6.WeheldasportsmeetinglastFriday.AsportsmeetingwasheldlastFridaybyus.7.Wemustturnoffthelightsbeforeleaving.Thelightsmustbeturnedoffbeforeleaving.8.Myparentsshouldallowmetochoosemyownclothes.Ishouldbeallowedtochoosemyownclothes.9.Youcan’tdoitthisway.Itcan’tbedonethisway.10.Mr.GreengaveussomeadviceonEnglishstudylastweek.WeweregivensomeadviceonEnglishstudylastweekbyMr.Green.SomeadvicewasgiventomeonEnglishstudylastweekbyMr.Green.1.Itoldhimalongstory.Hewastoldalongstory.Itoldalongstorytohim.Astorywastoldtohim.2.Mymotherboughtmeanewcoat.Iwasboughtanewcoat.Acoatwasboughtforme.跟双宾语的动词有两个宾语，直接宾语和间接宾语，如，showme(间接宾语）yourphotos（直接宾语）以下情况主动句不能变为被动句1.谓语是1)及物动词leave,enter,reach,suit,benefit(使受益）等。2)不能拆分的takeplace,loseheart,changecolor,belongto,consistof等。2.宾语是1）反身代词，相互代词，同源宾语(liveahappylife)2)身体的某一个部分，如，shakeone’shead.3）某些抽象名词，如interest等。