通信系统引论

EE—ElectricalEngineering5050EEEED.O.North[1943]S.O.Rice[1944]C.E.Shannon[1948]N.Wiener[1949]1.111-1————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————30008001400JohannesGutenberg1752BenjaminFranklin1827GeorgeSimomOhmI=E/R1834CarlF.GaussErnstH.Weber1838WilliamF.CookeCharlesWheatstone1844SamuelF.B.Morse1850GustavRobertKirchhoff1858261864JamesC.Maxwell18711876AlexanderGrahamBell1883ThomasA.Edison1884AIEE1887HeinrichHertzMaxwell__________________________________________________________________________1-1————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————1889IEE1894OliverLodge1501900GuglielmoMarconi1905ReginaldFessenden1906LeedeForest190719091912IRE1915BellSystem1918EdwinH.Armstrong1920KDKA1920J.R.Carson1923VladimirK.Zworkykin1926J.L.BairdC.F.Jenkins19271927HaroldBlack1928PhiloT.Farnsworth19311933EdwinH.ArmstrongFM1934FCC1935RobertA.Waston-Watt1936BBC1937AlexReevesPCM1941JohnV.Atanasoff1941FCC1945John.W.MauchlyENIAC1947WalterH.BrattainJohnBardeenWilliamShockley1947SteveO.Rice1948ClaudeE.Shannon195020501953NTSC1954361957SputnikI1958A.I.SchawlowC.H.Townes1958JackKilby_________________________________________________________________________1-1————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————1958RobertNoyce1961FM1962TelstarI1963BellSystem1963IREAIEEIEEE1963-19661964No.1ESS1965EarlyBird19681971Intel40041972MotorolaFCC1976197964kRAMVLSI1980BellSystemFT31980PhilipsSonyCD1981IBMPC1982AT&T22BellSystem1984AppleMacintosh1985FAX1989Motorola1990-ISDNHDTV__________________________________________________________________________195419361962TelstarIAlexReeves1937FMPCSC1.211000Hz0500Hz1.3w(t)=Acos(ω0t+ϕ0)(1-1)Aω0ϕ0111.4B2PCABCCAMFMTVPCSHDTV1.5MATLABPCPCPCCPascalBASICFORTRANMATLABWindowsMACMATLABMPCPC2-3MATLABMMATLABMIBMMATLABMATHCADInternetftp.eel.ufl.edu/pub/COUCH/5edPCMATLABMATHCADSolutionManual1.61-1m(t)m~(t)[~]m~(t)2Bm(t)m~(t)f=0r(t)s(t)m~(t)m(t)n(t)1-1m(t)-ADCADCf=0f=0s(t)s(t)fcfc0s(t)fc850kHzAMfc=850kHzm(t)s(t)m(t)AMs(t)=R(t)cos[ωct+θ(t)](1-2)ωc=2πfcR(t)=1θ(t)=0s(t)f=fcm(t)R(t)/θ(t)m(t)R(t)θ(t)s(t)m(t)R(t)θ(t)/m~(t)m~(t)PeBER1.7ITUITUITU700ITU1841992ITUITU-RITU-TPTNITU-D1992ITUCCITTCCIRITUITUFCCNTIAFCC709001-21.81-2MFHFDEF1F2D4555f300kHzDRF4MHzf300kHzDRFDE6575HFF90250FF1F2FHF1-2LOS1-2————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————3-30kHzVLF30-300kHzLFVLF300-3000kHzMFAM3-30MHzHF30MHz30-300MHzVHFLOSVHFFMAM0.3-3GHzUHFLOSUHF1.0-2.0GHzL2.0-4.0GHzS3-30GHzSHFLOS10GHz2.0-4.0GHzS4.0-8.0GHzC228.0-12.0GHzXGHz12.0-18.0GHzKu18.0-27.0GHzK27.0-40.0GHzKa26.5-40.0GHzR30-300GHzEHFSHF183GHz27.0-40.0GHzKa60G26.5-40.0GHzRHz119GHz33.0-50.0GHzQ40.0-75.0GHzV75.0-110.0GHzW110-300GHzmm103-107GHzLOS________________________________________________________________________*kHz=103HzMHz=106HzGHz=109Hz1-2a2MHzAM1/10fc=10kHz2lglglog2xx=cλ=c/fc=t=1/fc3000m10kHz1-21-2b2MHz30MHzU[Griffiths,1987JordanBalmain,1968])41(8112−−=fNnnNfN10101012N0n1N0n1n1Snell)51(sin−=irnϕϕϕiϕrN2MHz30MHz1-2b[Jordan,1985]n1D4MHzAMAM90250FHF1-2cLOS30MHzf281Nn11-3LOSLOSd1-3d2+r2=(r+h)2d2=2rh+h2rhh22rh3960LOS334(3960))61(2−=hdhdVHFUHF1-230MHzLOS1000d44.730d7.7544.7+7.75=52.5LOS30MHz60MHz501000LOS1040MHz4GHz[Griffiths,1987JordanBalmain,1968][Jordan,1985]ARRL[ARRL,1994]MINIMUFPropMan[Rose,1982,1984Rockwell,1995]1.9j)71(1log2aPIjj−=Pjj4PjIjbits2nats10hartleyR.V.Hartley1928[Hartley,1948]3LOS4Bbit1-7abitbitbinitbitbitIj1-7a10)71(ln2ln1lg2lg1bPPIjjj−−=−=Pj)81(1log211−==∑∑==jmjjmjjjPPIPHmPjjmentropy1-11212444=41212124141==jP()244log121log212412===jI24H24Ij=12H=12121212121212)91(/−=THRH1-8T120.011200/Shannon1948Hartley19281.1019481949ClaudeShannon[Shannon,1948,1949]ShannonC/R/CC)101(1log2−+=NSBCBHzS/N/watts/wattsdBShannonShannonShannon7-27Nyquist1924Hartley1928Nyquist2B/BHartleyNyquistShannon1.11ARQFECARQFECARQFECARQACKNAKARQCC-4FECARQACK/NAKFECARQACK/NAKCARQFEQFEC1-4ShannonS/N/P(E)P(E)0P(E)/blockcodeknnkn,kR5R=k/nR1/47/8k3[ClarkCain,1981]convolutionalcodeknnv+kv0RR=k/nR1/47/8[ClarkCain,1981]g~(t)m~r(t)r(t)g(t)ms(t)1-4Hammingweight11101014Hammingdistanced110101111001d=2ds+t+1ststd2t+1ti1i2i3ikp1p2p3pr5/bits/bits/krnn,kn=k+rHamming[Hanmming,1950]3d2t+1t=1n,kn,k=2m-12m-1-m1-11mm374151131266357127120m1cycliccodeBCHBose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenhemcode-Reed-SolomomcodeHammingcodemaximal-lengthcode-Reed-MűllerGolaycode1-3[Bhargava,1983]1-3————————————————————————————————————*———————————————————————————BCHReed-SolomomHammingMaximalLength————————————————————————————————————n=2m-1n=m(2m-1)n=2m-1n=2m-1m=3,4,5,r=m2tr=md2t+1d=m(2t+1)d=3d=2m-1kn-mtk=2m-1-m6————————————————————————————————————*mnk1-5knnkknnkKK1R=k/n3/4KkK7kK2n67[Blachut,1983ClarkCain,1981Proakis,1995]1-5k=3n=4K=5R=3/41-61/231-6k=1n=2K=31k=1n=2R=k/n=1/21-71-601x11=1010y11=110100011-7A1-71-6y11=110100018Ax11=1010Viterbi[Forney,1973]Viterbi9tooclosetocallEb/N02dB[ClarkCain,1981]Eb1N0/2PSDEbN0(7-24b)8-44——[Sklar,1988]1-8BPSK7-3823,12PeBEREb/N0/energy-per-bit/noise-densityratioPeEb/N0codinggainEb/N010-3BER1.33dBBE