主谓一致

高中英语：主谓一致概论：谓语动词的数必须和主语的人称和数保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。在判定一个句子主谓语是否一致时，要遵循下列三个原则：语法一致、意义一致和就近一致。近几年来，高考关于该内容的考查主要集中在意义一致、语法一致、承前一致以及就近一致几个方面。考点：1.谓语动词用单数的情况2.谓语动词用复数的情况3.谓语动词单复数视情况而定4.“名词(或代词)＋介词短语”作主语时的主谓一致5.“名词(或代词)＋of＋名词”作主语时的主谓一致6.定语从句中的主谓一致7.就近原则&就前原则解析：一、语法一致原则：主语和谓语从语法形式上取得一致：主语是单数形式，谓语也采取单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语亦采取复数形式。Thenumberoferrorswassurprising.Weloveourmotherland.规则：1.由and,both…and连接两个单数名词谓语用复数，但当and连接的两个名词指同一个人，同一物，同一事，同一概念时谓语用单数。Bothbreadandbutterwereservedforbreakfastinthishotel.Theteacherandwriterisgoingtogiveusatalk.2.由and连接的前置并列修饰语+不可数名词做主语时，谓语用复数。Goodandbadmeatinthemarketaresoldout.3.凡由and连接两个带the(a或物主代词)的单数可数名词，谓语用复数，如果只有前一个名词带the(a或物主代词)则谓语用单数。Theprofessorandthewriterhavepublishedafewnewbooksonradio.Thetenthandlastchapteriswrittenbyayoungman.4.every/each/no修饰单数名词，以及and连接的两个有every/each/no修饰的单数名词做主语时，谓语用单数形式。如：Everyboyandeverygirlishavingsportsnow.5.“morethanone/manya＋单数名词”做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Morethanonestudenthasfailedtheexam.6.“one＋单数名词andahalf”做主语时，谓语动词可用单数形式，也可用复数形式，如：Hesaidthatoneandahalfapplesisenough.7.不可数名词、动名词、不定式、从句等做主语时，谓语通常用单数。Muchmilkisofferedtohim.ReadingaloudisveryimportantinlearningEnglish.Tonodone’sheadmeansagreement.Whattheysaidistrue.8.不定代词either,each,one,another,anyone,anybody,noone,nobody,someone,somebody,anything,nothing,something,everything,everyone,everybody,neither等做主语时，谓语用单数，none做主语时，谓语单复数均可。Thereisnothingwrongwiththemachine.Eitheroftheshirtsfitsmeverywell.Noneofthefarmershas(have)beenabroad.9.在四则运算中谓语单复数均可。Threeandfouris(are)seven.Twotimestenis(are)twenty.10.当alotof,lotsof,plentyof,agreatquantityof等短语做主语时，谓语与of后的名词保持一致。Thereareplentyofeggsinthebasket.Lotsofmeathasbeensoldout.考例：Asaresultofdestroyingtheforests,alarge_______ofdesert______coveredtheland.Anumber,hasBquantity,hasCnumber,haveDquantity,have(key:B)11.当分数或百分数+名词做主语时，谓语与后面的名词保持一致。Threefourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthiscoveredwithwater.70percentofpeoplehaveknownaboutthetruth.考例：_______ofthelandinthatdistrict_______coveredwithtreesandgrass.ATwofifth,isBTwofifth,areCTwofifth,isDTwofifths,are(key:C)12.“anumberof，agreat/goodmany，agroupof+复数名词做主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，”thenumberof+复数名词做主语时，谓语用单数形式。Thenumberofbooksisnomorethan100,butanumberofthemisoflittleuse.考例：Thenumberofpeopleinvited______fifty,butanumberofthem______absentfordifferentreasons.Awere,wasBwas,wasCwas,were,Dwere,were(keyC)agreatdealof,alargeamountof修饰不可数名词，其短语做主语时，谓语动词通常用单数；largeamountsof修饰不可数名词，其短语做主语时，谓语动词通常用复数，例如：Alargeamountof(Agreatdealof)damagewasdoneinaveryshorttime.Largeamountsofmoneywerespentonthebridge.13.在oneof+复数名词+定语从句中如关系代词做主语引导定语从句时，谓语根据先行词来判断，若是oneof结构，定语从句用复数，若是the(only)oneof结构，定语从句用单数。ZhouXiaisoneofthegirlswholikehiking.TianLiliistheonlyoneofthegirlswhohaspassedtheexam.考例：Heistheonlyofthestudentswho_______awinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.AisBareChavebeenDhasbeen(keyD)二、意义一致原则:取决于主语所表达的内在含义。只要确定句子的主语是单数意义，则谓语用单数；句子的主语是复数意义，则谓语用复数。例如：Thecrowdwerefightingfortheirlives.Threeyearsinastrangelandseemslikealongtime.规则：1.由and连接的两个疑问代词、不定式、动名词做主语时，根据意义一致的原则确定单复数。Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory________yet.AisnotdecidedBarenotdecidedChasnotdecidedDhavenotdecided(key:A)2.不可数名词做主语，一律视为单数。以¬s结尾的国名、地名、机构名，书名，如：theUnitedStates,theUnitedNations等做主语，视为单数；有些不可数名词如：news,maths,physics虽然以¬s结尾，但不是复数。Physicsisnoteasytounderstand.3.表示单一概念的动名词、不定式或句子做主语时，谓语动词用单数。“one,either,neither,eachof＋复数名词或代词”做主语时，谓语用单数。如：Whenandwheretogofortheon¬salaryholidayhasnotbeendecidedyet.Eitherofthestoriesisveryfunny.4.表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等的复数名词做主语，通常看作一个整体，谓语动词常用单数。如：Tenpoundswasmissingfromthebox.5.aseriesof,akindof,apieceof,apairof，typeof等修饰名词做主语时，通常以量词的单复数形式来决定谓语的单复数。如：Thispairoftrousersfitsyou.Thekindoftheappletastesdelicious.Twoseriesofnewstampshavebeenordered.thiskindofbook=abookofthiskind（这种书），其谓语动词用单数；短语thiskindofmen=menofthiskind=thesekindofmen(口语)（这一类人），但thiskindofmen的谓语动词用单数，menofthiskind和thesekindofmen的谓语动词用复数，allkindsof后跟复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式。如：Thiskindofmenisdangerous.Menofthiskindaredangerous.6.thepopulationof…“……的人口数量”作主语时，谓语用单数，但如果是分数/百分数/halfof/therestof＋thepopulation作主语时，谓语则用复数，具体指其中的多少人，复数意义，如：ThepopulationofChinaislargeandabouteightypercentofthepopulationarefarmers.注意：theaverageof…“……的平均数量”，作主语时，谓语用单数。7.“the＋adj.”结构指人时，谓语动词用复数；如果表示抽象的概念，谓语动词用单数，如：Thedisabledarewelltakencareofinthiscountry.8.分数、百分数，all,some,therest,halfof,mostof,partof等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数根据其指代的含义确定，如：Mostoftheworkershavegonehomeforaholiday.9.主语为集体名词时，如果表示一个整体，谓语动词用单数；如果指其中的个体，谓语动词用复数。这类集体名词常见的有：army,audience,cattle,class,club,committee,crowd,family,government,group,majority,minority,people,police,public,staff,team等，其中cattle，people，police一般看成复数形式。而有的名词则是单数、复数相同，如sheep,deer,aircraft,mean,fish,works,species,等，做主语时，就必须根据意思来确定其谓语的单复数形式。HisfamilyweresittinginthesofawatchingTVwhenIgotthere.Everypossiblemeans________topreventtheairpollution,buttheskyisstillnotclear.AisusedBareusedChasbeenusedDhavebeenused(keys:C)10.当and连接两个并列主语在意义上指同一人、同一物、同一事或者同一概念时，应看作单数，谓语动词用单数形式。另外，当and连接两个形容词修饰一个单数形式的主语时，其实是指两种不同的事物，主语则应该看作是复数，那么谓语动词也应该用复数。如：Warandpeaceisaconstantthemeinhistory.ChineseandJapanesesilkareofgoodquality.注意：英语中并列结构表示整体概念的有：ironandsteel钢铁lawandorder治安bre