影像学大题汇总

为搞好山东省交通科学研究所研发基地项目的结算审计工作,我跟踪审计部特针对本项目作如下要求,请各施工单位、供货单位遵照执行：andperformancetestcopiesoftherecord.Ifnecessary,reviewshouldbecarriedout;4)forspringhangers(includedsimplespring,hangersandconstantsupporthangers)itshouldalsoberecognizedassettingandlockingofloads.5)checkthesurfacequality,foldedlayeringandwithoutcracks,rustandotherdefects.5)aftercompletionofthetestandcontroldrawingnumberonebyone,byseriesbaled.Coloralloysteelparts,thepartsmarkinginstallationlocationandrotationaboutthedirectionyouwant.7.3.14.hangersinstallation7.3.14.1hangerlayouta.acleardesignofhangershouldbeinstalledstrictlyinaccordancewiththedrawingsanddesignsshallnotbeinstalledwrong,missing,etc.B.ownarrangementofpipingsupportandhangersetandselectionshouldbebasedoncomprehensiveanalysisofgenerallayoutofpipingsystems;coldinstallationofsteampipewithparticularattentionreservedforcompensationofthermalexpansiondisplacementandorientation.C.supportsystemsshouldberationaltowithstandpipeloads,staticloadandincidentalload;reasonablepipingdisplacement;guaranteedundervariousconditions,stressarewithintheallowedrange.Strength,stiffness,andmeetrequirementstopreventvibrationandsoothingwater,withoutaffectingtheadjacentequipmentmaintenanceandotherpipinginstallationandexpansion.D.equipmentconnectedtotheinterfacetomeetpipelinethrust(torque)limitrequirements;increasethestabilityofpipingsystemstopreventpipeline...Tubewallthickness(mm)2-34-67-10weldformnoslopemouthweldstrengtheningheighth(mm)1-1.51.5-2weldwidthb(mm)5-67-6hasslopemouthweldstrengtheningheighth(mm)1.5-22weldwidthb(mm)coverhadeachedgeslopemouthabout2mmargonarcweldingweldstrengtheningsurfaceheightandwidthtubewallthickness(mm)2--33--45--6weldformweldstrengtheningheighth(mm)1-1.51.5-22-2.5widthb(mm)1．胃良、恶性溃疡如何鉴别？良性溃疡恶性溃疡龛影位置胃轮廓外完全或大部分在胃腔内龛影形状圆形或椭圆形不规则，扁平，有尖角龛影大小多2.0cm多2.5cm龛影边缘光滑，整齐不光整，有充盈缺损龛影口部粘膜水肿，粘膜线、项圈征、狭颈征指压迹样充盈缺损；又不规则环堤破坏、中断龛影周围粘膜均匀规则纠集不整齐纠集邻近胃壁柔软，有蠕动波僵硬，无蠕动波2．早期胃癌的X线表现有哪些？答：X线低张双对比造影表现为：①小区粘膜结构紊乱、消失②切线位上可见棘突样小龛影③可见颗粒状、小圆形充盈缺损，表面毛糙不平。3．肝硬化的CT表现有哪些？答：早期肝硬化肝脏正常或肿大，中晚期则肝脏萎缩，肝轮廓呈结节状凸凹不平，肝叶比例失调，通常是肝右叶萎缩，左叶和尾状叶增生肥大，肝门和肝裂增宽，脾脏增大可伴有腹水，增强CT可显示簇状或条索状曲张的胃底食管静脉。4．肝脓肿的CT表现有哪些？答：CT：平扫示脓腔为单发或多发的低密度区，圆形或椭圆形，边界较为清楚，脓肿壁呈稍高于脓腔但低于正常肝的环形带。约20%可见气体或液平。增强CT：脓腔不强化。脓肿壁呈环形强化，轮廓光滑、厚度均匀。2．止血3．血流重分布4．肿瘤的治疗5．内科性器官切除6．左心房增大的X线表现是什么？答：左心房增大一般先向后向上，继之向左向右（1）远达片：左心房若向右增大时可达或超过右心房边缘，形成右心房的双重密度或双重边缘，亦称双心房影。左心房耳部增大时可见左心室与肺动脉段之间的左房耳部膨凸。气管隆凸开大。（2）右前斜位或左侧位：服钡检查示中下段食管有局限性压迹和移位，此征象是左心房增大分度的主要依据。有食管压迹而无移位者为轻度；压迹+轻度移位（止于胸椎前缘）者为中度；明显移位（与胸椎重叠）者为高度增大。有时需要除外屈曲延长的降主动脉牵拉的食管向后移位，此种情况食管前方常无增大的左心房高密度影。（3）左前斜位：心后缘左心房隆凸，与左主支气管间的透明带消失，明显者可使左主支气管向上后方移位并变窄。7．何为青枝骨折？答：儿童青枝样骨折（greenstickfracture）常见于四肢长骨骨干，表现为骨皮质发生皱折、凹陷或隆起而不见骨折线，似嫩枝折曲后的表现，骨内钙盐沉积较少而柔韧性较大是其成因，也属于不完全骨折。为搞好山东省交通科学研究所研发基地项目的结算审计工作,我跟踪审计部特针对本项目作如下要求,请各施工单位、供货单位遵照执行：andperformancetestcopiesoftherecord.Ifnecessary,reviewshouldbecarriedout;4)forspringhangers(includedsimplespring,hangersandconstantsupporthangers)itshouldalsoberecognizedassettingandlockingofloads.5)checkthesurfacequality,foldedlayeringandwithoutcracks,rustandotherdefects.5)aftercompletionofthetestandcontroldrawingnumberonebyone,byseriesbaled.Coloralloysteelparts,thepartsmarkinginstallationlocationandrotationaboutthedirectionyouwant.7.3.14.hangersinstallation7.3.14.1hangerlayouta.acleardesignofhangershouldbeinstalledstrictlyinaccordancewiththedrawingsanddesignsshallnotbeinstalledwrong,missing,etc.B.ownarrangementofpipingsupportandhangersetandselectionshouldbebasedoncomprehensiveanalysisofgenerallayoutofpipingsystems;coldinstallationofsteampipewithparticularattentionreservedforcompensationofthermalexpansiondisplacementandorientation.C.supportsystemsshouldberationaltowithstandpipeloads,staticloadandincidentalload;reasonablepipingdisplacement;guaranteedundervariousconditions,stressarewithintheallowedrange.Strength,stiffness,andmeetrequirementstopreventvibrationandsoothingwater,withoutaffectingtheadjacentequipmentmaintenanceandotherpipinginstallationandexpansion.D.equipmentconnectedtotheinterfacetomeetpipelinethrust(torque)limitrequirements;increasethestabilityofpipingsystemstopreventpipeline...Tubewallthickness(mm)2-34-67-10weldformnoslopemouthweldstrengtheningheighth(mm)1-1.51.5-2weldwidthb(mm)5-67-6hasslopemouthweldstrengtheningheighth(mm)1.5-22weldwidthb(mm)coverhadeachedgeslopemouthabout2mmargonarcweldingweldstrengtheningsurfaceheightandwidthtubewallthickness(mm)2--33--45--6weldformweldstrengtheningheighth(mm)1-1.51.5-22-2.5widthb(mm)8．慢性化脓性骨髓炎的X线表型有哪些？答：以修复为主，表现为骨破坏周围广泛的增生硬化，但仍有脓腔和死骨存在。骨内膜增生致髓腔变窄甚至闭塞消失，致使骨密度明显增高。骨外膜增厚增浓，其深层与骨皮质融合，其表面成层状，外缘亦可呈花边状，致骨干增粗，轮廓不规整。9．骨肉瘤分几型？答：根据肿瘤中各组织的多少以及血管腔的有无可将骨肉瘤分为五型：①骨母细胞型；②软骨母细胞型；③纤维母细胞型；④混合型；⑤血管扩张型。11．急性化脓性骨髓炎的X线表现。答：①软组织肿胀；②骨质破坏和骨质增生；③死骨；④骨膜增生。12．简述风心病二尖瓣狭窄的X线表现。答：①心脏增大，左心房和右心室增大，左心耳常明显增大；②主动脉球缩小；③左心室缩小，心尖位置上移，心左缘下段较平直；④二尖瓣瓣膜钙化；⑤肺瘀血和间质性水肿，上肺静脉扩张，下肺静脉变细。有时还可见肺野内出现直径1~2mm大小的颗粒状影，为含铁血黄素沉着。13．简述三种肺空洞的X线特点，常见于何种肺疾病？答：①虫蚀样空洞：在X线上的表现是大片阴影内的多发性透明区，边缘不规则如虫蚀状。常见于结核性干酪肺炎。②薄壁空洞：是指空洞壁厚在3mm以下，多见于肺结核。其X线表现为圆形、椭圆形或形状不规则的环形透明区，空洞壁的内外缘清楚。③厚壁空洞：洞壁超过3mm多在5mm以上。此种空洞多见于肺结核、肺脓肿（内有液平面）以及肺癌。15．早期周围型肺癌有哪些影像学特点（X线及CT）？答：（1）X线：类圆形结节影