基于单片机的室内天然气(煤气、液化气))浓度检测系统设

编号：本科毕业设计基于单片机的室内天然气浓度检测系统设计院系：信息工程学院姓名：***学号：0935140102专业：通信工程年级：2009级指导教师：***职称：副教授完成日期：2013年5月I摘要随着经济和科学技术的快速发展，人们对生活质量的提高和生活环境的改善越来越重视。天然气作为一种清洁型能源进入家庭得到广泛使用为人们的生活带来了方便，但同时也带来了潜在的危险，天然气在使用过程中，若管道和阀门密封不好，一旦泄漏出去极易爆炸，危及人们的生命财产安全。鉴于这些原因，对于天然气的检测与控制就变得异常重要了，研究天然气浓度的检测报警与控制也随之成为一个重要课题。本设计以半导体气敏传感器和单片机技术为核心设计的天然气泄漏报警系统可实现声光报警功能，是一种结构简单、性能稳定、使用方便、价格低廉、智能化的气体报警系统，具有一定的实用价值。本设计主要实现家庭天然气泄漏的检测与报警，系统主要以半导体气体传感器为研究对象，以单片机为核心构成一个具备数据采集、对象控制、结果显示等功能的完整系统。该系统分别控制报警灯、蜂鸣器及开启排风扇和切断电磁阀，实现对天然气泄漏的实时监测及控制，程序实时监测系统状态。关键词：气体传感器；单片机；数据采集IIAbstractWiththerapiddevelopmentofeconomyandthesciencetechnology,peoplepaymoreandmoreattentiontothequalityoflifeandtheimprovementoflivingenvironment.Naturalgasarewidelyusedinourdailylifeandbringsconvenienceforpeople’slivesasacleanerfuel,butalsobringspeoplewiththepotentialdangers.Ifnotsealedpipesandvalves,theyleaked,easilycausedbyfire，endangeringpeople'slivesandproperty.Forthereason，soitisveryimportantforustoinspectandcontrolthesenaturalgaswell.Anditisobviouslyveryimportanttostudyontheinspectionmethodsandsensorsofallkindsofgases.Thispaperstothesemiconductorgassensorsandsinglechipmicrocomputerasthecoredesigncanrealizethegasalarmsound-lightalarmfunctions,isakindofsimplestructure,stableperformance,easytouse,inexpensiveandintelligentgasalarm,hascertainpracticalvalue.Inthispaper,themaingasleakmeasurementandalarmsystemstothesemiconductorgassensorforthestudyinordertoconstituteasingle-chipmicrocomputerasthecorewithdataacquisition,objectcontrol,resultsshowedthatfeaturessuchasdatacommunicationsystemofintegrity.Thesystemcontrolthealarmlight，buzzerandcutofftheelectromagneticvalve,therealizationofthenaturalgasleakonthereal-timemonitoringandcontrol;proceduresreal-timemonitoringofsystemstate.Keywords:gassensor;singlechipmicrocontroller;dataacquisitionIII目录1绪论............................................................................................................................11.1研究背景、目的和意义.....................................................................................11.1.1研究的目的和意义......................................................................................11.1.2国内外情况及其发展趋势..........................................................................11.2天然气检测报警系统的简介.............................................................................21.3本设计主要任务.................................................................................................22天然气浓度检测系统的总体设计............................................................................42.1设计要求.............................................................................................................42.1.1方案的选择..................................................................................................42.1.2天然气泄漏报警系统的功能......................................................................42.1.3系统总体方案设计......................................................................................42.2气体传感器的选型.............................................................................................52.2.1气体传感器介绍..........................................................................................52.2.2气体传感器的选定......................................................................................73天然气检测报警系统的硬件设计.............................................错误!未定义书签。3.1总体硬件设计.....................................................................................................83.2单片机模块的设计.............................................................................................83.2.1AT89S51介绍...........................................................................................93.2.2单片机最小系统设计................................................................................113.2.3AT89S51单片机的复位电路.................................................................113.3气体传感器MQ-4电路介绍...........................................................................123.4险情处置与LED显示.....................................................................................153.4.1险情处置单元............................................................................................153.4.2LED显示....................................................................................................154天然气检测报警系统的软件设计..........................................................................174.1主程序设计流程图...........................................................................................174.2Keil程序调试....................................................................................................17IV4.3Proteus仿真.......................................................................................................205软件与硬件联机调试..............................................................................................235.1硬件总体连接...................................................................................................235.2操作步骤...........................................................................................................236结论........................................