Moses 摩西 圣经人物介绍

SculptureintheU.S.HouseofRepresentativesABroadOutlineofHisLifeActingatGod‘sbehest(命令、吩咐),itishewholeadstheJewsoutofslavery,unleashestheTenPlaguesagainstEgypt,guidesthefreedslavesforfortyyearsinthewilderness,carriesdownthelawfromMountSinai(西奈山),andpreparestheJewstoenterthelandofCanaan(迦南).HisBirth•MosesisbornduringtheJewishenslavementinEgypt,duringaterribleperiodwhenPharaohdecreesthatallmaleHebrewinfantsaretobedrownedatbirth.Hismother,Yocheved,desperatetoprolonghislife,floatshiminabasketintheNile(尼罗河).Hearingthecryingchildasshewalksby,Pharaoh'sdaughterpitiesthecryinginfantandadoptshim(Exodus2:1-10).MosesRescuedFromTheNileTheExodusTheExodus:EpisodeOne•Asayoungman,outragedatseeinganEgyptianoverseerbeatingaJewishslave,hekillstheoverseer,theslave-master.ThefactthathekilledthemanforcarryingouthisdutiestoPharaohwouldbrandhimarebelagainsttheking.Indeed,PharaohordersMoseskilled,andhefleesacrossRedSeatoMidian(米甸).EpisodeTwo•MosesmarriesTzipporah,oneoftheMidianitepriest'sdaughters,andbecomestheshepherdforhisfather-in-law'sflock.//Ononeoccasion,whenhehasgonewithhisflockintothewilderness,anangeloftheLordappearstohimintheguiseofabushthatisburningbutisnotconsumed(seenextentry).TheBurningBushOnceHehassoeffectivelyelicited(引出)Moses'attention,Godcommands-overMoses'strenuousobjections-thathegotoEgyptandalongwithhisbrother,Aaron,makeonesimpleifrevolutionarydemandofPharaoh:Letmypeoplego.EpisodeThree•MosesandAeronmeetwithPharaohbutPharaohresistsMoses'petition,untilGodwreakstheTenPlagues(十场灾难)onEgypt,afterwhichthechildrenofIsraelescape.MosesandAaronbeforePharaoh•Thetenthplagueculminated(达到顶峰)intheslaying(杀死)oftheEgyptianmalefirst-borns,whereuponsuchterrorseizedtheEgyptiansthattheyorderedtheHebrewstoleaveintheExodus.•TheeventsarecommemoratedasPassover(逾越节),referringtohowtheplague“passedover”thehousesoftheIsraeliteswhilesmiting(突袭，重惩)theEgyptians.•Moses-parting-red-seaTheTenCommandments摩西十诫Howwasitgiven?Whatisthesignificance?Thephrase“TenCommandments”isgenerallyusedtorefertosimilarpassagesinExodus(《出埃及记》)20:2–17andDeuteronomy(《申命记》)5:6–21.1)AccordingtotheBible,aftercrossingtheRedSeaandleadingtheIsraelitestowardsthedesert,MoseswassummonedbyGodtoMountSinai(西奈山),alsoreferredtoasMountHoreb,thesameplacewhereMoseshadfirsttalkedtotheBurningBush,2)Mosesstayedonthemountainfor40daysandnights,aperiodinwhichhereceivedtheTenCommandmentsdirectlyfromGod.Mosesthendescendedfromthemountainwithintenttodeliverthecommandmentstothepeople.TheBiblesaysGodgavethoselawstoMosesinhisonlyface-facemeetingwithahumanbeing.3)ButuponhisarrivalhesawthatthepeoplewereinvolvedinthesinoftheGoldenCalf(金牛犊,anidol).Interribleanger,Mosesbrokethecommandmenttablets.4)GodlaterofferedMosestoinscribetwoothertablets,toreplacetheonesMosessmashed,[48]soMoseswenttothemountainagain,foranotherperiodof40daysandnights,andwhenhereturned,thecommandmentswerefinallygiven.•MosesPleadingwithIsraelTheTenCommandments1)IamtheLordthygod,whobroughttheeoutofthelandofEgypt,outofthehouseofbondage.2)ThoushalthavenoothergodsbeforeMe.3)ThoushaltnottakethenameoftheLordthyGodinvain.4)RemembertheSabbathday(安息日)tokeepitholy.5)Honorthyfatherandthymother.6)Thoushaltnotmurder.7)Thoushaltnotcommitadultery.8)Thoushaltnotsteal.9)Thoushaltnotbearfalsewitnessagainstthyneighbor.10)Thoushaltnotcovet(觊觎)anythingthatbelongstothyneighbor.TheTenCommandments,orDecalogue,arealistofreligiousandmoralimperativesthat,accordingtotheHebrewBible,werespokenbyGodtothepeopleofIsraelfromthemountainreferredtoasMountSinaiorHoreb.TheyarerecognizedasamoralfoundationinJudaism,ChristianityandIslam.TenCommandmentsMonumentfromthegroundsoftheTexasStateCapitol.Austin,Texas.Moses’MagicPowerInNumbers(旧约·民数记)inwhichtheHebrewsangrilydemandthatMosessupplythemwithwater，GodcommandsMosestoassemblethecommunity,andbeforetheirveryeyesorderthe[nearby]rocktoyielditswater.FedupwiththeHebrews'constantwhiningandcomplaining,hesaystotheminstead:Listen,yourebels,shallwegetwaterforyououtofthisrock?Hethenstrikestherocktwicewithhisrod,andwatergushesout(Numbers20:2-13).HisDeathHowever,itisthisepisodeofdisobedience,strikingtherockinsteadofspeakingtoit,thatisgenerallyofferedastheexplanationforwhyGodpunishesMosesandforbidshimtoenterIsrael.Despitelivingtotheageof120,MosesdiedbeforereachingtheLandofIsrael.AnditwasJoshua(约书亚)whosucceededMosesandfinallyenteredIsreal.ThesaddesteventinMoses'lifemightwellbeGod'sprohibitinghimfromenteringthelandofIsrael.Beforehisdeath,heassembledthetribes,anddeliveredtothemapartingaddress,whichformstheBookofDeuteronomy《旧约·申命记》.[StatuebyMichelangeloReligion'sviewsofMoses1)Hewas,accordingtotheHebrewBible,areligiousleader,lawgiver,andprophet,towhomtheauthorshipoftheTorah(摩西五经)istraditionallyattributed..heisthemostimportantprophetinJudaism,[1][2]andisalsoconsideredanimportantprophetbyChristianity,[1]Islam,andmanyotherfaiths.MosesholdstheTenCommandments-LibraryofCongressstatue2)Mosesimpressedhismonotheistic(一神论的)visionupontheJewswithsuchforcethatinthesucceedingthreemillennia,JewshaveneverconfusedthemessengerwiththeAuthoro