强读和弱读

StrongForms&WeakForms强读和弱读弱读一个英文单词如果由多个音节构成，那么其中至少有一个音节是重音；如果，音节足够多的话，那么可能还有次重音以及一个以上的重音。同样的道理，一个句子由多个单词构成，那么，其中总是有至少一个单词被强读，而相对来看，其它的单词会被弱读。弱读的规则一般是：元音音节弱化成[ə]或[i]。如下几个单词：at,of,the,to,as,than,and,or,his,a,an,but,been,for,her,we,be,shall,was,them,弱读的频率达到90％，其中a,an,the,than极少用强式。查字典会发现这些词都至少有两种读音，如for:重读时[fכ:],弱读时[fə]；as的强读形式是/æz/，弱读形式是/əz/。•大多助动词、系动词、介词、连词、冠词、代词，都有两种发音形式：强读式、弱读式。•这些单词往往都是单音节单词。弱读的形式1.大多数有弱读形式的单词中，元音都变成了/ə/；at/ət/;as/əz/;had/həd/；must/məst/2．有少数几个单词的弱读形式变成了／i/；be/i/；been/bin/；me/mi/；the/ði/3.有时，一些常用词的弱读形式中省略了一个元音。am/m/；has/z/；have/v/；is/z/4.有时，一些常用的弱读形式中省略了一个辅音。and/ən/；have/əv/；would/əd/；her/ə:/要在连贯说话中应用弱读形式，不是懂得了道理就能学会的，也不是一朝一夕就能掌握的，需要通过大量的模仿和练习才能学好。朗读下列句子，注意弱读•1)to/tə/but/bət/•IwanttocomebutIcan't.•2)and/ənd/•He'srichandfamous.•3)than/ðən//ðn/•Betterthanthat.•He'solderthansheis.•4)but/bət/•Shewantstosingbutshecan't.•5)such/sət∫/•Wehaveproblems,suchaspollution.•6)some/səm/•Therearesomecopieshere.•7)any/əni/•Therearen'tanymore.•8)he/hi/•Doeshewantany?•9)her/hə/•I'vemethermother.•10)him/im/•TellhimI'dliketo.•11)them/ðəm//ðm/•Ihaven'tseenthemyet.•12)you/jə/•Whatdoyouthink?•13)your/jə/•Takeyourtime.•14)us/əs/•Letusthinkitover.•15)that/ðət/•ThisisthehousethatJackbuilt.•16)at/ət/•Atleastone.•17)for/fə/•It'sforyou.•18)from/frəm/•HecomesfromEngland.•19)of/əv/•I'dloveacupoftea.•20)to/tə/•Yououghttogo.•21)an/ən/•I'dlikeanapple.•22)the/ðə//ði/•That'stheone.•23)am/m/•I'mgoingnow.•24)are/ə/•Whereareyougoing?•25)is/z//s/•He'shere.•Myhatishere.•26)was/wəz/•Washethere?•27)were/wə/•Wewereverypleased.•28)have/həv/,/əv/,/v/•They'veleft.•Haveanybeenlost?•29)had/həd/,/d/•Theyhadbetterhurry.•30)has/əz/•Whathashedone?•Hehasjustarrived.•31)do/du/,/də/•Doyouthinkso?•32)does/dəz/•Whendoesheleave?•33)can/kən/,/kn/•Canyouhearme?•34)could/kəd/•Couldyoudoitnow?35)should/∫əd/HowshouldIknow?36)there/ðə/Thereisnothingleft.Therearenotenough.37)shall/ʃəl,ʃl/HowshallIdolikethat?38)when/wən/Herparentshadbeendeadwhenshewasachild.39)will/əl,l/Hewillgobackhometomorrow.40)would/wəd,əd,d/Hewouldbehappyifhehadpassedtheexam.弱读问题对策1.反复聆听，熟悉弱读。单词的弱读会导致考生实际听到的发音与自己熟悉的发音出现偏差，因此在平时复习时，考生应留意单词在句中的弱读，并对其进行反复聆听，直至完全熟悉该弱读现象2．熟记常见习语中的弱读。平时记忆听力短文、对话中的常见习语时，应注意其中是否含有单词的弱读，并将其与这些习语一并牢记。强读1.Whenthequestionisansweredinshortform,theauxiliaryverbshouldadoptthestrongform,like:---Willyoucometomorrow?---Yes,I‘will.•2.Whentheprepisplacedattheendofasentence,itshouldadoptthestrongform.----Whoishewaiting‘for?•3.Whentheprepisfollowedbyanunstressedpersonalpronoun,itshouldbethestrongform.----I’vebeenwaiting‘foryou.弱读与强读的区别1）弱读形式和强读形式各自的元音不同。2）弱读音节中常常省略了某一个音。•如果一个单词被强读，那么这个单词中的：•长元音会被读的很清楚，并且显得更长一些；•双元音会被读的很饱满，并且显得很有弹性；•落在重音上的短元音都会显得更长一些；•重音所在的音节可能带着不同的语调（升调、降调、降升调）……•如果一个单词被弱读，那么这个单词中的：•长元音会变得短一些（几乎与短元音的长度相当）；•重音音节会变得与非重音音阶一样轻；•很多元音都会发生变化，向/ə/靠拢；•轻辅音/s/、/t/、/k/、/f/之后的元音/ə/可能会直接被省略掉……Practice•HaveyouevertriedDiana’sCakes?Theyaresodelicious.Ihaveeatenmanydifferentkindsofcakes.ButIhavenevertastedanything,quitelikecakesmadebyDiane.Sheusesthebestandthefinestingredientsthatmoneycanbuy.Thebestflour,thebesteggsandthebestmilk.HaveyouevertriedDiane’sCakes?Theyaresodelicious.Ihaveeatenmanydifferentkindsofcakes,but,Ihavenevertastedanything,quitelikecakesmadebyDiane.sheusesthefinestandfreshestingredientsthatmoneycanbuy.Thebestflour,thebesteggsandthebestmilk.Someexamplesofstrong/weakforms:WeakformSamplesentence•1.a/eI//ə/We'vegotadog.•2.an/æn//ən/Takeanapple.•3.her/hə://hə/,/ə:/,/ə/What'shername?•4.his/hIz//Iz/Johnhadhishaircut.•5.our/aʊə//ɑ:/Wecandoitonourown.•6.some/sʌm//səm/,/sm/Getmesomewater.•7.the/ði://ðI/,/ðə/Theysawtheyoungandtheold.•8.your/jɔ://jə/Takeyourtime.•9.he/hi://hI/,/I/Whatdidhedo?•10.me/mi://mI/Letmehavealook.WordsSF•11.she/ʃi://ʃI/Didshecome?•12.them/ðem//ðəm/,/ðm/Letthemgo.•13.us/ʌs//əs/Hetoldusastory.•14.we/wi://wI/Hereweare.•15.you/ju://jʊ/Didyouseemypen?•16.him/hIm//Im/Givehimapen.•17.am/æm//əm/,/m/I'mproudofit.•18.are/ɑ://ə/Whatareyoudoing?•19.be/bi://bI/Don'tbelate.•20.can/kæn//kən/,/kn/WhatcanIdo?WordsSFWeakformSamplesentence•21.do/du://də/,/d/WhatdoyoudoonSundays?•22.does/dʌz//dəz/Whendoesthetrainleave?•23.had/hæd//həd/,/əd/,/d/Howmanyhadhehad?•24.has/hæz//həz/,/əz/,/z/,/s/Whathashappened?•25.have/hæv//həv/,/əv/,/v/Thekidshavegone.•26.is/Iz//z/,/s/Heiscoming.•27.must/mʌst//məst/,/məs/Wemustgonow.•28.shall/ʃæl//ʃəl/,/əl/Whatshallwedo?•29.was/wɒz//wəz/,/wz/Hewasout.•30.were/wə://wə/Wewerealllate.WordsSFWeakformSamplesentence•29.was/wɒz//wəz/,/wz/Hewasout.•30.were/wə://wə/Wewerealllate.•31.will/wIl//wəl/,/əl/Thatwilldo.•32at/æt//ət/Lookathim.•33.for/fɔ://fə/Isitforme?•34.from/frɒm//frəm/,/frm/Theycomefromthestates.•35.of/ɒv//əv/,/v/,/f/It'sverykindofyou.•36.to/tu://tə/Youdon'thavetoworry.•37.and/ænd//ənd/,/ən/,/nd/,/n/Wehadfishandchips.•38.as/æz//əz/Justasyoulike.•39.but/bʌt//bət/It'sgoodbutexpensive.•40.so/səʊ//sə/It'snotsocoldhere.•41.than/ðæn//ðən/It'sbiggerthanthis.•42.that/ðæt//ðət/Hesaidthathewascoming.WordsSFWeakformSamplesentence+教材P81P82P83练习•What'sthemachinefor?It'sfordetectingoil.Whereareyoufrom?iI'mfromtheUK.Whocanfinishthetask?Ican•Jo