The_solitary_reaper_详细赏析

TheSolitaryreaper--WilliamWordsworthTheSolitaryReaperbyWilliamWordsworthWordsworth(1770-1850)wasthe3rdgreatestpoetinEnglishliteratureafterShakespeareandMilton,poetlaureate（桂冠诗人）,leaderoftheEnglishRomanticMovementandthemostfamousoftheLakepoets湖畔诗人.Hisbestpoemsareshortlyrics抒情诗.wordsworthWordsworth威廉.华兹华斯华兹华斯（WilliamWordsworth,1770-1850），著名的英国浪漫主义诗人，与科尔律治(S.T.Coleridge)、骚赛(RobertSouthey)同被称为“湖畔派”（theLakePoets）诗人。主要作品有长诗《漫游》（TheExcursion），《抒情歌谣集》(LyricalBallads)、《序曲》(Prelude)等。曾获“桂冠诗人”称号。华兹华斯写了许多以自然与人生关系为主题的诗歌，中心思想是大自然是人生欢乐和智慧的来源文笔朴素清新，自然流畅，一反新古典主义平板、典雅的风格，开创了新鲜活泼的浪漫主义诗风。华兹华斯长期住在乡村、湖畔，其诗作以描写自然风光、田园景色、乡民村姑、少男少女闻名于世。他重视想象力，善于把平凡的日常生活勾勒得富于奇妙的色彩，“使日常的东西在不平常的状态下呈现在心灵面前”强调”一切好诗都是强烈情感的自然流露“他注意吸取民间诗歌的艺术特色，采用民间生动、淳朴的口语。这使他的诗独辟蹊径，呈现出朴素清新、天然成趣的境界，一反新古典主义平板、典雅的风格，开创了新鲜活泼的浪漫主义诗风。人们称他为“自然诗人”。他的诗在描写自然风光、平民事物之中，常寓有深意，寄托着自我反观和对人生的哲学思考。V.ThemesofWordsworth’spoems1.naturalimpressions2.thefeelingsofthecommonpeople3.harmonybetweenhumanityandnature•写作背景•华兹华斯生于英格兰西北部湖区一律师家庭，八岁时离家求学，爱好大自然和诗歌。1787年进剑桥大学。1790年暑期徒步游历法国、瑞士、意大利。1791年毕业后徒步漫游了威尔士。他曾多次到苏格兰各地游历，广泛接触大自然和乡村风土民情。这首诗据说就是他游历时的收获；另一种说法认为是诗人读了朋友哈金森的一则日记后写的。哈金森在日记中写道，在一次远足中，他偶然看到一位苏格兰高地农家女在麦田里一面劳作，一面唱歌。歌声悠扬哀婉，凄切动人。这些材料经过诗人点化，成了这首脍炙人口的抒情诗。Stanza1:ThepoetheardaScottishgirlsingingwhilereapinginthewheatfield.1Beholdher,singleinthefield,2YonsolitaryHighlandLass!3Reapingandsingingbyherself;4Stophere,orgentlypass!vt.lookat=yonder:overthere苏格兰西北部高原Thepoethesitates.or恐惊5Aloneshecutsandbindsthegrain,6Andsingsamelancholystrain;7Olisten!fortheValeprofound8Isoverflowingwiththesound.哀伤的曲调=valley=girlHervoiceislikewater.捆Beholdher,singleinthefield,YonsolitaryHighlandLass!Reapingandsingingbyherself;Stophere,orgentlypass!AloneshecutsandbindsthegrainAndsingsamelancholystrain;Ohlisten!ForthevaleprofoundIsoverflowingwiththesound.看她，在田里独自一个，那个苏格兰高原的少女！独自在收割，独自在唱歌；停住吧，或者悄悄走过去！她独自割麦，又把它捆好，唱着一只忧郁的曲调；听啊！整个深邃的谷地都有这一片歌声在洋溢Stanza2:Thepoetissurprisedtohearsuchabeautifulsonginsoremoteaplace.1NoNightingaledideverchaunt2Morewelcomenotestowearybands3Oftravellersinsomeshadyhaunt,4AmongArabiansands=chant歌唱可爱的音符groupoasis绿洲wheretravellerstakearestunderthetrees.desertsinmostoftheArabianPeninsula半岛nightingale夜莺abirdgoodatsinging5Avoicesothrillingne'erwasheard6Inspring-timefromtheCuckoo-bird,7Breakingthesilenceoftheseas8AmongthefarthestHebrides动人的=neverherald信使ofspring,cominginAprilandleavinginAugustcuckoo杜鹃鸟IrelandEnglandScotlandHebridesInSpringpeopleontheHebridesareexcitedtohearthecuckoo’ssongafteralongwinter’ssilence.NoNightingaledideverchauntMorewelcomenotestowearybandsOftravellersinsomeshadyhaunt,AmongArabiansands.Avoicesothrillingne'erwasheardInspring-timefromtheCuckoo-bird,BreakingthesilenceoftheseasAmongthefarthestHebrides.从没有夜莺能够唱出更美的音调来欢迎结队商，疲倦了，到一个荫凉的去处就在阿拉伯沙漠的中央；杜鹃鸟在春天叫得多动人，也没有这样子荡人心魂，尽管它惊破了远海的静悄，响彻了赫伯里底斯群岛。Stanza3:Thepoetdoesn’tunderstandhersongbutknowsitisaboutsomethingsad.1Willnoonetellmewhatshesings?2Perhapstheplaintivenumbersflow3Forold,unhappy,far-offthings,4Andbattleslongago:sad音符areabout(Hersongislikewater.)longtimeago5Orisitsomemorehumblelay,6Familiarmatterofto-day?7Somenaturalsorrow,loss,orpain,8Thathasbeen,andmaybeagain?低俗的小调suchasthenaturaldeathofherparentsWillnoonetellmewhatshesings?—PerhapstheplaintivenumbersflowForold,unhappy,far-offthings,Andbattleslongago.Orisitsomemorehumblelay,Familiarmatterofto-day?Somenaturalsorrow,loss,orpain,Thathasbeen,andmaybeagain?她唱的是什么，可有谁说得清？哀怨的曲调里也许在流传古老，不幸，悠久的事情，还有长远以前的征战；或者她唱的并不特殊，只是今日的家常事故？那些天然的丧忧、哀痛，有过的，以后还会有的种种？Stanza4:Thepoetwassomovedbyhersongthathecouldneverforgetit.1Whate'erthetheme,theMaidensang2Asifhersongcouldhavenoending;3Isawhersingingatherwork,4Ando'erthesicklebending;—girl镰刀=whatevercf.余音绕梁，三日不绝Thepoetwascarriedawaybyhersongandalmostforgothisjourney.5Ilisten'd,motionlessandstill;=overlisteningattentively6And,asImountedupthehill,7ThemusicinmyheartIbore,8Longafteritwasheardnomore.登上Iborethemusicinmyheart.我把那支乐曲牢记心头。Thegirlsangoverherwork.Thesolitaryreaper’ssongleftanunforgetableimpressiononthepoet’smind.Whate'erthetheme,theMaidensangAsifhersongcouldhavenoending;Isawhersingingatherwork,Ando'erthesicklebending;—Ilistened,motionlessandstill;And,asImountedupthehill,ThemusicinmyheartIbore,Longafteritwasheardnomore.不管她唱的是什么题目，她的歌好像会没完没了，我看见她边唱边干活，弯着腰，挥动她的镰刀——我一动也不动，听了许久；后来，当我上山的时候，我把歌声还记在心上，虽然早已听不见声响Genre:Structure:RhymeScheme:Meters:Theme:lyricpoem抒情诗four8-linestanzas共四节每节八句ababccdd(exceptlines1&3instanzas1and4)iambictetrameter四音步抑扬格ThepoetisfascinatedwithaScottishpeasantgirl’sbeautifulsong.语音，格律该诗分四节，每节八行，共三十二行，每行大体上包括四个抑扬格的音步，尾韵一般为ababccdd。前四句是隔行押韵，后四句是两个对偶句。特点：既有规律又不单调节奏“Reapingandsingingbyherself;”“Stophere,orgentlypass!”“Breakingthesilenceoftheseas”和“Longafteritwasheardnomore.”押韵一四两节一三句不押韵音韵美：重复同源词动词sings、sang，名词song及分词singing等三个同源词•FIGURESOFSPEECH•反衬用夜莺和杜鹃反衬少女歌声的优美•暗喻、通感声音在作者眼中变为有形的事物•呼语BEHOLDHER/OLISTEN•反复同源词反复•类比少女的歌声与夜莺和杜鹃的歌唱诗人与旅人及赫布里群岛•象征MOUNTUPTHEHILL象征着人生的旅途•反问语言特点语言十分简朴，诗意明白易懂，但它清新自然，意境优美，如一幅画，一幅有声有色的画意象意象，就是对我们的感觉能起刺激作用的具体形象视觉意象(visualimage)：singleinthefield，motionlessandstill，o’erthesicklebending等；动觉意象(kinaestheticimage)：reapingandsinging，s