高中英语语法_被动语态详解

高一语法被动语态WarmingupLoveToBeLovedByYou是一首旋律优美的英文歌曲，演唱者是美国流行歌手马克·特伦茨（MarcTerenzi）。2005年，Marc与德国歌手莎拉·寇娜（SarahConnor）结婚时，将这首歌作为爱的礼物献给妻子。Task1FilltheblankbythesongBaby,tellmehowcanItellyouThatIyoumorethanlifeShowmehowcanIshowyouThatI’mbyyourlightWhenyoutouchmeIcantouchyouTofindoutthedreamistrueItobelovedIneedtobeItobebyyouloveblindedlovelovedlovelovedSummary:主动or被动？主动被动ThatIloveyoumorethanlifeThatI’mblindedbyyourlightIlovetobelovedIneedtobelovedIlovetobelovedbyyou(一)语态分类(六)总结：被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化(四)常见的八种时态中的被动语态(五)含有情态动词的被动语态：(二)被动语态的使用(三)主动语态变被动语态的方法(一)语态分类英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：Theywillbuildanewbridgeovertheriver.(主动)Anewbridgewillbebuiltovertheriver.(被动)汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成。被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化主要体现在be的变化上，其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。一般现在时：一般过去时：一般将来时：一般过去将来时：现在进行时：过去进行时：现在完成时：过去完成时：将来完成时：过去将来完成时：［注］被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。am/is/are+donewas/were+doneshall/will+bedoneshould/would+bedoneam/is/are+being+donewas/were+being+donehave/has+been+donehad+been+doneshall/will+havebeen+doneshould/would+havebeen+done常见的八种时态中的被动语态1.一般现在时：(1)Peoplegrowriceinthesouthofthecountry.Riceisgrowninthesouthofthecountry.(2)Theschooldoesn'tallowustoenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher.Wearenotallowedtoenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher.❶.Ifhe___enoughtime,hewillcomeupwithanidea.A.givesB.willgiveC.isgivenD.willbegiven❷.Anewfilmisgoingto___thisSunday.A.showB.showingC.beshownD.beshowingsummary主动语态S（主语）+v(动词)S(主语)+am/is/are+过去分词(done)一般现在时(simplepresent)：Task3GroupWork1一般过去时：一般将来时:情态动词:S+was/were+P.P.S+will+be+P.P.S+can/may/must/shoud+be+P.P.(三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态2.一般过去时：(1)Theyagreedonthebuildingofanewcarfactorylastmonth.Thebuildingofanewcarfactorywasagreedonlastmonth.(2)Thestudentsdidn'tforgethislessonseasily.Hislessonswerenoteasilyforgotten.(三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态3.一般将来时：(1)Theywillsendcarsabroadbysea.Carswillbesentabroadbysea.(2)Theywillgiveplentyofjobstoschool-leavers.Plentyofjobswillbegiventoschool-leavers.❻.Ipromisethatthematterwill______.(NMET)A.betadencareB.betakencareofC.takecareD.takecareof析：takecareof…是固定短语，若无of则不可带宾语，只能跟that从句。所以此题答案为B。(三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态4.过去将来时：(1)Themanagersaidtheywouldcompletetheprojectbytheendoftheyear.Themanagersaidtheprojectwouldbecompletedbytheendoftheyear.(2)Theworkerstoldmetheywouldmendthecarassoonaspossible.Theworkerstoldmethatthecarwouldbemendedassoonaspossible.(三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态5.现在进行时：(1)TheradioisbroadcastingEnglishlessons.Englishlessonsarebeingbroadcastedontheradio.(2)Wearepaintingtherooms.Theroomsarebeingpainted.❼.—Haveyougottheresultofthelastexamination?—Notyet.We’vebeentoldthatthepapers________.A.aremarkedB.arebeingmarkedC.havebeenmarkedD.weremarked此题答案应为B。❽.Wecan’tusethebridgenow,becauseit____.A.hasbeenrepairedB.isrepairingC.isrepairedD.isbeingrepaired(三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态6.过去进行时：(1)Theworkersweremendingtheroad.Theroadwasbeingmended.(2)Thistimelastyearwewereplantingtreeshere.Treeswerebeingplantedherethistimelastyear.(三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态7.现在完成时：(1)Someonehastoldmethesportsmeetingmightbeputoff.Ihavebeentoldthesportsmeetingmightbeputoff.(2)Hehasbroughthisbookhere.Hisbookhasbeenbroughthere.(三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态8.过去完成时：(1)WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheyhadalreadysoldoutthetickets.WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheticketshadalreadybeensoldout.(2)Thewholecountrywasverysadatthenewsofhisdeath;Peoplehadconsideredhimtobeagreatleader.Hehadbeenconsideredtobeagreatleader.Alotofnewroads___builtinthewestofChina.A.mustB.mustbeC.hasD.have⑪.Hiscar___tomorrow.A.willberepairedB.isrepairedC.isbeingrepairedD.hasbeenrepaired(四）含有情态动词的被动语态：含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。(1)Youmusthandinyourcompositionsafterclass.Yourcompositionsmustbehandedinafterclass.(2)Hecanwriteagreatmanyletterswiththecomputer.Agreatmanyletterscanbewrittenwiththecomputerbyhim.AskandanswerwatereverydayathomemygrandmaA:Whenaretheflowerswatered?B:Theflowersarewateredeveryday.A:Wherearetheflowerswatered?B:Theflowersarewateredathome.A:Whoaretheflowerswateredby?B:Theflowersarewateredbymygrandma.A:Aretheflowerswateredbymygrandmaathomeeveryday?B:yes,theyare.A:Whenaretheflowerswatered?B:Theflowersarewateredeveryday.A:Wherearetheflowerswatered?B:Theflowersarewateredathome.A:Whoaretheflowerswateredby?B:Theflowersarewateredbymygrandma.A:Whenaretheflowerswatered?B:Theflowersarewateredeveryday.A:Wherearetheflowerswatered?B:Theflowersarewateredathome.A:Aretheflowerswateredbymygrandmaathomeeveryday?B:yes,theyare.A:Whoaretheflowerswateredby?B:Theflowersarewateredbymygrandma.A:Whenaretheflowerswatered?B:Theflowersarewateredeveryday.A:Wherearetheflowerswatered?B:Theflowersarewateredathome.WhenWhereWhosweeponweekendsinthekitchenmymotherWhenwherewho(五)主动语态变被动语态的方法Iboughtacomputerlastterm．Acomputerwasbought(byme)lastterm.宾(受动者)主谓Acomputerwasbought(byme)lastterm.Task4语态转换时所注意的问题1.把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。Wehaveboughtanewcomputer.Anewcomputerhasbeenbought.(正确)Anewcomputerhavebeenbought.(错误)2.含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。Myunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday.Iwasgivenapresentonmybirthday.如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词，如