Chuang-Tzu庄子英语介绍讲述

Zhuangzi莊子between399-295B.C.)TheFigureofChuangTzu莊子Generallybelievedtobearound369-286BCETheonlyaccountofhislifeisabriefsketchSimaQian'sRecordsoftheGrandHistorian,whereheisdescribedasaminorofficialfromthetownofMeng(inmodernAnhui)inthestateofSong,livinginthetimeofKingHuiofLiangandKingXuanofQi(late4thcenturyBC).尝为蒙漆园吏，与梁惠王、齐宣王同时Bookbecomesknownasthe“ClassicBookofGenuineSouthernCulture”南华真经TheBookofZhuangzi33chapters:InnerChapters(7);OuterChapters(15);MixedChapters(11).AccordingtoGuoXiang郭象,the“InnerChapters”werewrittenbyZhuangzi,the“OuterChapters”writtenbyhisdisciples,andthe“MixedChapters”byotherhands.ZhuangziinEnglishtranslation1881FredericHenryBalfour1889HerbertA.Giles1891JamesLegge1933FungYu-lan1939ArthurWaley1963JamesWare1964BurtonWatson1965ThomasMerton1974Gia-fuFengandJaneEnglish1981A.C.GrahamGilesLeggeFungZhuangzi’sdao夫道,有情有信,无為无形;可傳而不可受,可得而不可見;自本自根,未有天地,自古以固存…（6.大宗师）Daohasitsrealityanditssignsbutiswithoutactionorform.Youcanhanditdownbutyoucannotreceiveit;youcangetitbutyoucannotseeit.Itisitsownsource,itsownroot.Beforetianandearthexisteditwasthere,firmfromancienttimes.ItgavespiritualitytothespiritsandtoGod…”(ch.6)Zhuangzi’sModel:theTrueMan“Godlike”qualitiesUnaffectedbylifeanddeath不知說生，不知惡死Emotionalequanimity登高不栗，入水不濡，入火不熱“Amindlikeamirror”以心齊物用心若鏡“Sittinginforgetfulness”墮肢體，黜聰明，離形去知，同於大通，此謂‘坐忘’“TheFastingofthemind”心齋：無聽之以耳而聽之以心；無聽之以心而聽之以氣。聽止於耳，心止于符。氣也者，虛而待物者也。唯道集虛。虛者，心齋也。”Zhuangzi’sModel…古之真人,不知說生,不知惡死;其出不訢,其入不距;翛然而往,翛然而來而已矣.不忘其始,不求其所終;受而喜之,忘而復之,是之謂不以心捐道,不以人助天.是之謂真人…(6.大宗師)…TheTrueManofancienttimesknewnothingoflovinglife,knewnothingofhatingdeath.Heemergedwithoutdelight;hewentbackinwithoutafuss.Hecamebriskly,hewentbriskly,andthatwasall.Hedidn’tforgetwherehebegan;hedidn’ttrytofindoutwherehewouldend.Hereceivedsomethingandtookpleasureinit;heforgotaboutitandhandeditbackagain.ThisiswhatIcallnotusingthemindtorepelDao,notusingmantohelpoutTian.ThisiswhatIcalltheTrueMan...Zhuangzi’sModel(ch6)TheMaster大宗師无為名尸,无為謀府;无為事任,无為知主.體盡无窮,而遊无朕;盡其所受乎天,而无見得,亦虛而已.至人之心若鏡不將不迎,應而不藏,故能勝物而不傷“ThePerfectMan”至人:“Donotbeanembodieroffame;donotbeastorehouseofschemes;donotbeanundertakerofprojects;donotbeaproprietorofwisdom.Embodytothefullestwhathasnoendandwanderwherethereisnotrail.HoldontoallthatyouhavereceivedfromTianbutdonotthinkyouhavegottenanything.Beempty,thatisall.ThePerfectManuseshismindlikeamirror—goingafternothing,welcomingnothing,respondingbutnotstoring.Thereforehecanwinoverthingsandnothurthimself.”(Z.ch.7)“TheTrue/PureMan”真人獨與天地精神往來,而不敖倪於万物,不之言遣是非,以與世俗處…上與造物者遊,而下與外生无終始者為友.其於本也,弘大而闢,深閎而肆,其於宗也,可謂調適而上遂矣.雖然,其應於化而解於物也,其理不竭,其來不蛻,芒乎昧乎,未之盡者AloneheassociateswithTianandEarthandspirit,withoutabandoningordespisingthingsoftheworld.Hedoesnotquarreloverrightorwrongandmingleswithconventionalsociety…Above,heroamswiththeCreator,andbelowhemakesfriendswiththosewhotranscendlifeanddeathandbeginningandend.Inregardtotheessential,heisbroadandcomprehensive,profoundandunrestrained.Inregardtothefundamental,hemaybesaidtoharmonizedallthingsandpenetratedthehighestlevel.However,inhisresponsetochangeandhisunderstandingofthings,hisprincipleisinexhaustible,traceless,darkandobscure,andunfathomable...”(Zhuangzi33)Relativity(rejectionofconventionalknowledge)齧缺問乎王倪曰：子知物之所同是乎？曰：吾惡乎知之！子知子之所不知邪？曰：吾惡乎知之！然則物無知邪？曰：吾惡乎知之！雖然，嘗試言之：庸讵知吾所谓知之非不知邪？庸讵知吾所谓不知之非知邪？NieQueaskedWangNi,Doyouknowwhatallthingsagreeincallingright?HowwouldIknowthat?Doyouknowthatyoudon'tknowit?HowwouldIknowthat?Thendothingsknownothing?”HowwouldIknowthat?However,supposeItrysayingsomething.WhatwaydoIhaveofknowingthatifIsayIknowsomethingIdon'treallynotknowit?OrwhatwaydoIhaveofknowingthatifIsayIdon'tknowsomethingIdon'treallyinfactknowit?且吾尝试问乎女：民湿寝则腰疾偏死，鳅然乎哉？木处则惴栗恂惧，猨猴然乎哉？三者孰知正处？民食刍豢，麋鹿食荐，虮蛆甘带，鸱chī鸦耆鼠，四者孰知正味？Nowletmeaskyousomequestions.Ifamansleepsinadampplace,hisbackachesandheendsuphalfparalyzed,butisthistrueofaloach?Ifhelivesinatree,heisterrifiedandshakeswithfright,butisthistrueofamonkey?Ofthesethreecreatures,then,whichoneknowstheproperplacetolive?Meneatthefleshofgrass-fedandgrain-fedanimals,deereatgrass,centipedesfindsnakestasty,andhawksandfalconsrelishmice.Ofthesefour,whichknowshowfoodoughttotaste?Relativity(rejectionofconventionalknowledge)猿犹狙以为雌，麋与鹿交，鳅与鱼游。毛嫱丽姬，人之所美也；鱼见之深入，鸟见之高飞，麋鹿见之决骤，四者孰知天下之正色哉？自我观之，仁义之端，是非之涂，樊然淆乱，吾恶能知其辩！Monkeyspairwithmonkeys,deercavortwithdeer,andfishplayaroundwithfish.MenclaimthatMao-ch'iangandLadyLiwerebeautiful,butiffishsawthemtheywoulddivetothebottomofthestream,ifbirdssawthemtheywouldflyaway,andifdeersawthemtheywouldbreakintoarun.Ofthesefour,whichknowshowtofixthestandardofbeautyfortheworld?ThewayIseeit,therulesofbenevolenceandrighteousnessandthepathsofrightandwrongareallhopelesslysnarledandjumbled.HowcouldIknowanythingaboutsuchdiscriminations?“Relativity(rejectionofconventionalknowledge)WhatFishEnjoy莊子與惠子遊於濠梁之上.莊子曰:“儵魚出游從容,是魚樂也.”惠子曰:“子非魚,安知魚之樂?”莊子曰:“子非我,安知我不知魚之樂?”（17.秋水）“ZhuangziandHuiziwerestrollingalongthedamoftheHaoRiverwhenZhuangzisaid,“Seehowtheminnowscomeoutanddartaroundwheretheyplease!That’swhatfishreallyenjoy!”Huizisaid,“Youarenotafish–howdoyou